Although the art of making cheese can be traced to prehistoric times, it has continued to evolve as modern civilization progressed. The advent of new technologies and instrumentation has brought exponential growth in the understanding of cheese components and their function. Even more recently, the evolution of cheesemaking has accelerated, driven by economic factors such as the establishment of the European Economic Community, the changing diet of developed countries, and the environmental and economic concerns associated with whey disposal. Molecular biology has revolutionized the development of starter and adjunct cultures as well as rennets, and genetics will make it possible to maintain ideal milk components for cheesemaking. The ability to accelerate traditional ripening procedures has altered the production of certain cheeses, and the emphasis on decreasing the intake of dietary fat, especially in the United States, has prompted the development of technology for producing low-fat cheeses with traditional texture and flavor. In assembling a distinguished group of participants for the symposium, "Chemistry of the Structure/Function Relationships in Cheese," we hoped to review the interplay of these trends and forecast the direction of future research. Contributors evaluated the current status of cheesemaking and highlighted the information that will be essential for new developments. They also focused the attention of agricultural and food chemists on the opportunities in cheese research and the potential contributions they might make to the future of cheese, a most valuable food product. We are indebted to Dr. Patrick Fox, Dr. Mark Johnson, Dr. Milos Kalab, Dr.

The chemistry and physico-chemical properties of milk proteins are perhaps the largest and most rapidly evolving major areas in dairy chemistry. Advanced Dairy Chemistry-1B: Proteins: Applied Aspects covers the applied, technologically-focused chemical aspects of dairy proteins, the most commercially valuable constituents of milk. This fourth edition contains most chapters in the third edition on applied aspects of dairy proteins. The original chapter on production and utilization of functional milk proteins has been split into two new chapters focusing on casein- and whey-based ingredients separately by new authors. The chapters on denaturation, aggregation and gelation of whey proteins (Chapter 6), heat stability of milk (Chapter 7) and protein stability in sterilised milk (Chapter 10) have been revised and expanded considerably by new authors and new chapters have been included on rehydration properties of dairy protein powders (Chapter 4) and sensory properties of dairy protein ingredients (Chapter 8). This authoritative work describes current knowledge on the applied and technologically-focused chemistry and physico-chemical aspects of milk proteins and will be very valuable to dairy scientists, chemists, technologists and others working in dairy research or in the dairy industry.

Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Proteins presents the current state of knowledge on the content of proteins in food structures, the chemical, functional, and nutritive properties of food proteins, the chemical and biochemical modification of proteins in foods during storage and processing, and the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of nitrogenous compounds. It emphasizes the structure-function relationship as well as the effects of practical conditions applied in food processing on the biochemical and chemical reactions in food proteins and food product quality. The first ten chapters discuss structure-function relationships, methods of analysis of nitrogenous compounds, chemical and enzymatic modifications, nutritive roles, and mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of food proteins. The following six chapters describe the proteins of meat and fish, milk, eggs, cereals, legumes, oilseeds and single cell organisms, and present detailed information on the effects of conditions applied in storage and processing on the reactions in proteins and their impact on quality attributes of food products.

This text provides information on advances in microbiology, covering such topics as: the role of norsolorinic acid in aflatoxin research; flavour compounds in cheese; the role of micro-organisms in soy sauce production; and gene transfer among bacteria in natural environments.

The creation of plant-based foods is one of the most rapidly advancing areas in the modern food industry. Many consumers are adopting more plant-based foods in their diets because of concerns about global warming and its devastating impacts on the environment and biodiversity. In addition, consumers are adopting plant-based diets for ethical and health reasons. As a result, many food companies are developing plant-based analogs of animal-based foods like dairy, egg, meat, and seafood products. This is extremely challenging because of the complex structure and composition of these animal-based foods. Next-Generation Plant-based Foods: Design, Production and Properties presents the science and technology behind the design, production, and utilization of plant-based foods. Readers will find a review of ingredients, processing operations, nutrition, quality attributes, and specific plant-based food categories such as milk and dairy products, egg and egg products, meat and seafood products, providing the fundamental knowledge required to create the next generation of healthier and more sustainable plant-based food alternatives.

The market for cheese as a food ingredient has increased rapidly in recent years and now represents upto approximately 50% of cheese production in some countries. Volume II entitled Major Cheese Groups will focus on major cheese groups which is devoted to the characteristics of the principle families of cheese. Cheese: Chemistry, Physics, and Microbiology Two-Volume Set, Third Edition is available for purchase as a set, and as well, so are the volumes individually. - Reflects the major advances in cheese science during the last decade - Produced in a new 2-color format - Illustrated with numerous figures and tables

R. S. SHALLENBERGER Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Research Station, New York, USA Among the material to be discussed in this first section of the 'Enzymes and Food Processing Symposium' is subject matter that can be viewed as a marriage between enzyme technology and sugar stereochemistry. In order to bring the significance of the material to be presented into proper perspective, I would like you to pretend, for a moment, that you are a researcher making a proposal on this subject to a Research Granting Agency in order to obtain financial support for your ideas. However, the year is 1880. Under the 'objectives' section of your proposal, you state that you intend to attach the intangible vital force or spirit-that is, the catalyst unique to the chemistry of living organisms-to an inert substrate such as sand. Thereafter you will pass a solution of right handed glucose (also known as starch sugar) past the 'vital force' and in the process convert it to left-handed glucose (also known as fruit sugar). The peer review committee would probably reject the proposal as sheer nonsense because the statements made were not only contrary to their experience, but also contrary to what they had been taught. Perhaps a few select people would have some feeling for what you were talking about, but commiseration would be the only form of support that they could offer.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the scientific aspects of cheese, emphasizing fundamental principles. The book's updated 22 chapters cover the chemistry and microbiology of milk for cheesemaking, starter cultures, coagulation of milk by enzymes or by acidification, the microbiology and biochemistry of cheese ripening, the flavor and rheology of cheese, processed cheese, cheese as a food ingredient, public health and nutritional aspects of cheese, and various methods used for the analysis of cheese. The book contains copious references to other texts and review articles.

Now in a fully-revised new edition, this book covers the science and technology underlying cheesemaking, as practised today in the manufacture of hard, semi-soft and soft cheeses. Emphasis is placed on the technology, and the science and technology are integrated throughout. Authors also cover research developments likely to have a commercial impact on cheesemaking in the foreseeable future within the areas of molecular genetics, advanced sensor / measurement science, chemometrics, enzymology and flavour chemistry. In order to reflect new issues and challenges that have emerged since publication of the first book, the new chapters are included on milk handling prior to cheesemaking; packaging; and major advances in the control of the end user properties of cheese using key manufacturing parameters and variables. The volume has been structured to flow through the discrete stages of cheese manufacture in the order in which they are executed in cheese plants - from milk process science, through curd process science, to cheese ripening science and quality assessment. Overall, the volume provides process technologists, product development specialists, ingredients suppliers, research and development scientists and quality assurance personnel with a complete reference to cheese technology, set against the background of its physical, chemical and biological scientific base.

The contributions in this volume were first presented at a symposium organized by the editors and held at the 214th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Las Vegas in September, 1997. The symposium was sponsored by the ACS Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry and covered recent developments of interest in food analysis. Many changes have occurred since the standard textbooks on food analysis were published: E. coli 0 157:H7 has leaped into prominence, requiring new and rapid methods of detection; MALDI-MS was developed and used in food analysis for the first time; elec tron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrorheology have been applied to cheese, bread, meat, and chocolate, new methods for monitoring and predicting shelf life have been introduced; new techniques for determining the composition of food have evolved. This book includes many emerging approaches which food scientists may find useful and probably will not find in a textbook. The editors thank the authors whose work is presented in these chapters, the Divi sion of Agricultural and Food Chemistry for agreeing to hold the symposium, and our edi tors at Kluwer Academic I Plenum Publishers whose assistance made our task easier. Michael H. Tunick Samuel A. Palumbo Pina M. Fratamico v CONTENTS Physical Properties I. Transmission Electron Microscopic Imaging of Casein Submicelle Distribution in Mozzarella Cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael H. Tunick, Peter H. Cooke, Edyth L. Malin, Philip W. Smith, and V. H. Holsinger 9 2. Confocal Microscopy of Bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .