"The sciences as a whole are slowly but gradually drifting away from life and are only returning after adetour". Goethe Detours should be avoided. The picture we are presenting here of the current theory in phenolic resin chemistry and the technical application of phenolic resins is based on day-to-day experiences in research, pro4uction and marketing, however, with the background of economic relevance. This book, then, is not to be regarded as a systematic collection and evaluation of the literature, although the literature up to July, 1978 has generally been taken into consideration. The audience to which this book is directed is wide-ranging: chemists, engineers, marketing professionals and students. We show where the first fully synthetic polymers, phenolic resins, stand today and what their future iso Taking a look back over their development, one is only more deeply convinced that after a wide variety of adaptions, they still possess the tech nical and economic strengths which allow for their further market growth and with it, a full appreciation of their value. We would like to extend our gratitude to all friends and promotors, in particular to those who helped and encouraged us with advice and assistance. Andre Knop Walter Scheib Frankfurt, January 1979 Table of Contents Historical and Economic Development of Phenolic Resins 1. History . . . 1 1.1. 1.2. Market Position 5 References. . 8 Raw Materials . 10 2. 10 2.1. Phenols. . . 10 2.1.l. Physical Properties of Phenol .

This vastly expanded 2nd edition contains all the new developments since 1985. It describes significant new phenolic resin chemistry, new applications with up-to-date developments, and includes detailed standardized test methods important for ISO 9001 ff certification.

The legacy of Leo Hendrik Baekeland and his development of phenol formal- hyde resins are recognized as the cornerstone of the Plastics Industry in the early twentieth century, and phenolic resins continue to ?ourish after a century of robust growth. On July 13, 1907, Baekeland ?led his “heat and pressure” patent related to the processing of phenol formaldehyde resins and identi?ed their unique utility in a plethora of applications. The year 2010 marks the Centennial Year of the prod- tion of phenolic resins by Leo Baekeland. In 1910, Baekeland formed Bakelite GmbH and launched the manufacture of phenolic resins in Erkner in May 1910. In October 1910, General Bakelite began producing resins in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Lastly, Baekeland collaborated with Dr. Takamine to manufacture phenolic resins in Japan in 1911. These events were instrumental in establishing the Plastics Industry and in tracing the identity to the brilliance of Dr. Leo Baekeland. Phenolic resins remain as a versatile resin system featuring either a stable, thermoplastic novolak composition that cures with a latent source of formaldehyde (hexa) or a heat reactive and perishable resole composition that cures thermally or under acidic or special basic conditions. Phenolic resins are a very large volume resin system with a worldwide volume in excess of 5 million tons/year, and its growth is related to the gross national product (GNP) growth rate globally.

This book deals with the organic chemistry of polymers which find technological use as adhesives, fibres, paints, plastics and rubbers. For the most part, only polymers which are of commercial significance are considered and the primary aim of the book is to relate theoretical aspects to industrial practice. The book is mainly intended for use by students in technical institutions and universities who are specializing in polymer science and by graduates who require an introduction to this field. Several excellent books have recently appeared dealing with the physical chemistry of polymers but the organic chemistry of polymers has not received so much attention. In recognition of this situation and because the two aspects of polymer chemistry are often taught separately, this book deals specifically with organic chemistry and topics of physical chemistry have been omitted. Also, in this way the book has been kept to a reasonable size. This is not to say that integration of the two areas of polymer science is undesirable; on the contrary, it is of the utmost importance that the inter-relationship should b~ appreciated. I wish to record my thanks to my colleagues with whom I have had many helpful discussions, particularly Mrs S. L. Radchenko. I also thank Miss E. Friesen for obtaining many books and articles on my behalf and Mr H. Harms for encouragement and assistance. I am also grateful to Mrs M. Stevens who skilfully prepared the manuscript. Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Technology, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, K. J. S.

Adhesives are indispensable. They are required pling agents, and other key ingredients. Special in myriad products-aircraft and abrasives, cars attention is given to such flourishing categories and cartons, shoes and safety glass, tape and as acrylics, anaerobics, cyanoacrylates, poly urethanes, epoxy resins, polyvinyl acetate, high tires. This Third Edition of Handbook of Ad hesives, like the 1962 and 1977 editions, seeks temperature adhesives, hot melts, silicones, and to provide the knowledge needed for optimum silanes. selection, preparation, and utilization of adhe The last 14 chapters, on adherends and bond sives and sealants. The information is detailed ing technology, involve the auto industry, air and explicit, with several hundred illustrative craft, electronics, the bonding of wood, formulations. textiles, rubber and plastics, construction, ab Expert information has been supplied in 47 rasives, pressure-sensitives, nonwovens, and chapters written by 70 industry specialists, pro sealants. Mechanical handling of two-compo fessors, and consultants. Five chapters on fun nent systems is examined. The concluding damentals provide the theoretical and economic chapter highlights the exciting progress that is underpinnings-why adhesives work, how they being made in the use of robotics to apply ad are selected, how the surface is prepared, how hesives, techniques already far advanced in au they are applied, how they are set, how the tomotive assembly. cured joint is tested.

Since the ancient days of research polyphenolic compounds have found a variety of use in medicinal chemistry and presently have found their applications in material research. There is a diverse interest in studying polyphenolic-based materials ranging from enzymes to plastic materials. However, there is no unified approach towards these studies to correlate structures with the different types of properties in order to implement such studies in applied engineering. This book presents a unified approach on synthetic and natural polyphenolic compounds in different forms and elaborate their properties with selective examples.

Loaded with practical knowledge, Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications: A Concise Guide to Industrial Polymers comprehensively presents the state-of-art of methods and materials for the formulation of polymeric resins. It is an indispensable tool for chemists, engineers, and manufacturers who use, formulate, and cure raw materials into final products. The text focuses on the chemical modification of properties during the final stage of part fabrication from plastics. Newer applications range from the small scale, such as dental fillings, to industrial processes for batch fabrication. The book covers resin groups in major use in industry and under active research and development.

Resorcinol chemistry has been providing valuable properties and products in the development of advanced technologies in the areas of pharmaceuticals, rubber compounds, wood composites and plastics. Notable technologies include steel belted radial tires, resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex adhesives (RFL), a weather proof polycarbonate (Sollx), a super heat resistant polymer (PEN-RTM), the world's strongest fiber (Zylon), sun screens (UV absorbers), Intal (an asthma drug), Ostivone (an osteoporosis drug), Throat Plus (lozenges), Centron and Saheli (oral contraceptive pills), and many more. This new resorcinol book contains information on the chemistry and technologies developed for the usefulness of human needs. Scientists and researchers around the world working in the areas of pharmaceuticals, rubber compounds (tires, hoses, belts), polymers, polymer additives (UV absorbers, flame retardants), composites (polymers and wood), photoresists, or just simply organic chemistry will benefit from this key resorcinol reference.

Formaldehyde is virtually ubiquitous in the modern environment due to its cost-effective nature, its use in resin formation, and its preservative properties. Though formaldehyde is necessary for many products and processes important to the world’s economy, this economic dependence on formaldehyde comes at a cost to public health. Growth and consequent industrialization rely heavily on formaldehyde use. New buildings—residences, public places, and offices—are not only built with timber preserved by formaldehyde, but they are also furnished with wood, wool, and textile products that contain formaldehyde. The general population faces environmental exposure from indoor and outdoor air pollution, food, and even medicine. Scientific inquiry into formaldehyde exposure has grown in response. This book consolidates the new and established body of formaldehyde research in the scholarly community, focusing on exposure, genotoxicity, and adverse health outcomes. Through this resource, we hope to increase awareness of the broad range of health effects posed by formaldehyde exposure, and to encourage interdisciplinary interest, as well as research, into this pervasive compound—especially in the United States and China, where formaldehyde production and usage is high. This book will be useful to researchers of environmental and occupational exposure, students, and government regulators and anyone exposed to formaldehyde in the workplace and/or at home.