A collection of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prizewinners in chemistry, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches.

A black hole is a point of extreme mass in space-time with a radius, or event horizon, inside of which all electromagnetic radiation (including light) is trapped by gravity. A black hole is an extremely compact object, collapsed by gravity which has overcome electric and nuclear forces. It is believed that stars appreciably larger than the Sun, once they have exhausted all their nuclear fuel, collapse to form black holes: they are "black" because no light escapes their intense gravity. Material attracted to a black hole, though, gains enormous energy and can radiate part of it before being swallowed up. Some astronomers believe that enormously massive black holes exist in the centre of our galaxy and of other galaxies. This book brings together leading research from throughout the world.

The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds series attempts to make the extraordinarily complex and diverse field of heterocyclic chemistry as organized and readily accessible as possible, presenting a basic reference collection for practicing researchers. Volume 60, Oxazoles: Synthesis, Reactions, and Spectroscopy, Part A proves the sole comprehensive resource on the synthetic chemistry of oxazoles–heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen, specifically five-membered, unsaturated rings. Oxazoles have a wide variety of applications in synthetic organic chemistry and have been found in numerous natural products such as hennoxazole, thiangazole, calyculin, halicondrins, pyrenolide, virginiamycin, amphotericin, and phorboxazoles. This volume provides an authoritative review of the literature since 1983, highlights compounds of commerical importance, and includes in-depth coverage of the synthesis, reactions, and spectroscopic and physical properties for each class of compounds. It also discusses in detail the exciting developments on the use of chiral bioxazolines in asymmetric synthesis.

Observing computational chemistry's proven value to the introduction of new medicines, Computational Medicinal Chemistry for Drug Discovery offers the techniques most frequently utilized by industry and academia for ligand design. Featuring contributions from more than 50 preeminent scientists, this book surveys molecular structure computation, intermolecular behavior, ligand-receptor interaction, and modeling. It also examines molecular mechanics, semi-empirical methods, wave function-based quantum chemistry, density functional theory, 3-D structure generation, and hybrid methods.

Computational methods are transforming the work of chemical and pharmaceutical laboratories. Increasingly faster and more exact simulation algorithms have made quantum chemistry a valuable tool in the search for active substances. Written by a team of leading international quantum chemists, this book is aimed at both beginners as well as experienced users of quantum chemical methods. All commonly used quantum chemical methods are treated here, including Density Functional Theory, quantum and molecular mechanical approaches. Numerous examples illustrate the use of these methods for dealing with problems in pharmaceutical practice, whether the study of inhibitor binding, identifying the surface load of active substances or deriving molecular descriptors using quantum chemical tools. For anyone striving to stay ahead in this rapidly evolving field.

Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II (CCC II) is the sequel to what has become a classic in the field, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, published in 1987. CCC II builds on the first and surveys new developments authoritatively in over 200 newly comissioned chapters, with an emphasis on current trends in biology, materials science and other areas of contemporary scientific interest.

At a time when environmental concerns are increasing, it's important that chemical processes are as environmentally friendly as possible. This book outlines various methods for producing inorganic and organic solvents without the use of traditional solvents that can have detrimental effects on the environment. This is the first book to give extensive and exclusive coverage to the topic Includes important environmental issues This book will appeal to anyone with an interest in organic synthesis; reaction chemistry; catalysis; and process development, and to undergraduate and graduate students of organic chemistry; catalysis; green chemistry; clean technology and environmental chemistry courses.

Interest in green chemistry and clean processes has grown so much in recent years that topics such as fluorous biphasic catalysis, metal organic frameworks, and process intensification, which were barely mentioned in the First Edition, have become major areas of research. In addition, government funding has ramped up the development of fuel cells and biofuels. This reflects the evolving focus from pollution remediation to pollution prevention. Copiously illustrated with more than 800 figures, the Third Edition provides an update from the frontiers of the field. It features supplementary exercises at the end of each chapter relevant to the chemical examples introduced in each chapter. Particular attention is paid to a new concluding chapter on the use of green metrics as an objective tool to demonstrate proof of synthesis plan efficiency and to identify where further improvements can be made through fully worked examples relevant to the chemical industry. NEW AND EXPANDED RESEARCH TOPICS Metal-organic frameworks Metrics Solid acids for alkylation of isobutene by butanes Carbon molecular sieves Mixed micro- and mesoporous solids Organocatalysis Process intensification and gas phase enzymatic reactions Hydrogen storage for fuel cells Reactive distillation Catalysts in action on an atomic scale UPDATED AND EXPANDED CURRENT EVENTS TOPICS Industry resistance to inherently safer chemistry Nuclear power Removal of mercury from vaccines Removal of mercury and lead from primary explosives Biofuels Uses for surplus glycerol New hard materials to reduce wear Electronic waste Smart growth The book covers traditional green chemistry topics, including catalysis, benign solvents, and alternative feedstocks. It also discusses relevant but less frequently covered topics with chapters such as "Chemistry of Long Wear" and "Population and the Environment." This coverage highlights the importance of chemistry to everyday life and demonstrates the benefits the expanded exploitation of green chemistry can have for society.

Here, the editors Rolf Gleiter and Henning Hopf present an excellent overview of all the important aspects and latest results in cyclophane chemistry. Clearly structured and covering the entire range, the book introduces readers to the most recent research in the field. Twenty chapters, written by well-known scientists, cover in particular: - synthesis of carbo- and heterocyclic cyclophanes and metallocenophanes, - structural and spectroscopic properties of cyclophanes, - current and future applications in synthesis and material science, - novel reactions of cyclophanes, - use of cyclophanes as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry for this fascinating class of compounds. Thus, this is not only an extremely valuable source of information for synthetic organic chemists, but also a ready reference for scientists working in related fields of arene chemistry, stereoselective synthesis, material science, and bioorganic chemistry.

The book covers traditional green chemistry topics, including catalysis, benign solvents, and alternative feedstocks. It also discusses relevant but less frequently covered topics with chapters such as Chemistry of Longer Wear and Population and the Environment. This coverage highlights the importance of chemistry to everyday life and demonstrates the benefits the expanded exploitation of green chemistry can have for society. Copiously illustrated with over 800 figures, this second edition provides an update from the frontiers of the field.