A beautifully produced and illustrated (bandw) reference that offers complete descriptions and cultural contexts of the dress and ornamentation of the North American Indian tribes. The volume is divided into ten cultural regions, with each chapter giving an overview of the regional clothing. Individual tribes of the area follow in alphabetical order. Tribal information includes men's basic dress, women's basic dress, footwear, outer wear, hair styles, headgear, accessories, jewelry, armor, special costumes, garment decoration, face and body embellishment, transitional dress after European contact, and bibliographic references. Appendices include a description of clothing arts and a glossary. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The Massawomeck are but one of several hinterland Indian groups which having made a brief, frequently violent, appearance during the 17th century, disappear. Eyewitness & contemporary accounts of the Massawomeck, which are confined to the period 1607-1634, are closely associated with the founding of the English Jamestown & Maryland colonies in tidewater Virginia. Unfortunately, references to the Massawomeck are brief & frequently apart from the mainstream of events. Yet a sizable body of antiquarian & scholarly literature regarding the Massawomeck was generated, largely in the 19th century, which often classified them as one or another of the Iroquois tribes. This vol. attempts to expand upon what is known of the Massawomeck in the hope that it will be possible to enhance our understanding of trade between the mid-Atlantic Indians in the Chesapeake Bay latitudes & the Ontario Iroquois in the 16th century & the first three decades of the 17th century.

First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924 recodified the state’s long-standing racial hierarchy as a more rigid Black-white binary. Then, Virginia officials asserted that no Virginia Indians could be other than legally Black, given centuries of love and marriage across color lines. How indigenous peoples of Virginia resisted erasure and built their identities as Native Americans is the powerful story this book tells. Spanning a century of fraught history, Being Indigenous in Jim Crow Virginia describes the critical strategic work that tidewater Virginia Indians, descendants of the seventeenth-century Algonquian Powhatan chiefdom, undertook to sustain their Native identity in the face of deep racial hostility from segregationist officials, politicians, and institutions. Like other Southeastern Native groups living under Jim Crow regimes, tidewater Native groups and individuals fortified their communities by founding tribal organizations, churches, and schools; they displayed their Indianness in public performances; and they enlisted whites, including well-known ethnographers, to help them argue for their Native distinctness. Describing an arduous campaign marked by ingenuity, conviction, and perseverance, Laura J. Feller shows how these tidewater Native people drew on their shared histories as descendants of Powhatan peoples, and how they strengthened their bonds through living and marrying within clusters of Native Virginians, both on and off reservation lands. She also finds that, by at times excluding African Americans from Indian organizations and Native families, Virginian Indians themselves reinforced racial segregation while they built their own communities. Even as it paved the way to tribal recognition in Virginia, the tidewater Natives’ sustained efforts chronicled in this book demonstrate the fluidity, instability, and persistent destructive power of the construction of race in America.

Edited by the late Philip L. Barbour, acknowledged as the leading authority on Captain John Smith, this annotated three-volume work is the only modern edition of the works of the legendary figure who captured the interest of scholars and general readers for over four centuries. A hero and adventurer, Smith was the leader who saved Jamestown from self-destruction, and he was also instrumental in the exploration and settlement of New England. He produced one of the basic ethnological studies of the tide-water Algonkians, an invaluable contemporary history of early Virginia, the earliest well-defined maps of Chesapeake Bay and the New England coast, and the first printed dictionary of English nautical terms. This is Volume III of three volumes. Originally published in 2011. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

There were numerous tribes scattered all across the United States long before they were discovered by foreigners The white man. The period of the Indians was long when they lived within the confinement of the lands they called home. These lands that they cherished, their beliefs they cherished. They were one with the almighty one and free for hundreds of years but in a blink of an eye, they lost it all. They were hunted and annihilated ridiculed and persecuted. They were a race indifferent to us but they were a race the foreigners on their lands didn't want and by what ever means possible they meant to disperse these people from their homes and take from them everything they owned and they did just that. When Christopher Columbus born 1451 the son of Domenio Columbus stepped ashore on American soil on the 12th October 1492 everything changed for the Indians. By the time De Sota and Ponce De Leon arrived searching for gold and slaves many an Indian had died at their hands. At this time there were supposedly some 10 million Indians inhabiting the land but after three centuries this number was reduced by 90%. The English arrived then the French and the Dutch every Sovereign wanted a piece of the land to claim as their own and the Indians succumbed to diseases imported by the whites. Famine and warfare were directed at them as the white people pushed them further and further away from their own lands so they could claim and prosper by them. Before 1600 there were about one million Indians who lived north of the Rio Grande speaking some 2,000 languages but most of these languages are dead now. These people lived mainly of the land growing maize, fishing and hunting to feed their people. When the Europeans arrived that all changed and destruction quickly followed as these intruders wanting what the Indians had and what was on their lands. In New England the tribes were hit by diseases brought by the white men which wiped out thousands. The Indian people were cheated by the Quakers, disgraced by the Iroquois and defeated by the Dutch in the Esopus wars of 1660. They never stood a chance against these people and hundred's of years later they still didn't stand a chance. By 1840 all the Eastern tribes, those that had survived annihilation were forcibly removed to Indian territory west of the Mississippi. There are no words which could compensate for the suffering over the years of these people, the Native Americans, the Indians. These people who were pushed and shoved all over the United States, starved and murdered, beaten and humiliated but they are growing stronger. They are reclaiming their heritage and people are listening. To many lies were told, to many treaties broken. Many of the tribes who lived in the United States before their exodus to Indian Lands or their extinction can be found at the back of this book. This list may not fully represent all the tribes which inhabited the land over the period. There are many long forgotten names of tribes who were completely obliterated over the years when peace was hard to come by. The tribes listed though do represent a vast majority of the Indians living in the United States during the period before the white man caused some of them to be extinct. There were many tales of greed throughout the period. Many of the tribes included in this book suffered harshly at the hands of soldiers. The same soldiers the Government had sent to protect them, when in fact, all they did was abuse them for their own ends and for greed and in some cases glory. The subject of the Native American Indian has always been a touchy one. At times they have been overlooked. At times they have been portrayed as the "savages", We have found out over the years that this was not so in many cases. A large injustice was dealt to these people. The real history of these people like many other events has been swept under the American carpet so it is easier to forget whose lands you now live on. Whose blood lies dried in the earth. Whose bones are scattered, some not in peace as even in death some archeologist is looking for artifact's, they do not care if the ground is sacred or not. The Indians paid their price to live upon this earth, let their spirits go free. Hard to believe, not really considering the record of the white settlers and the forcible removal of the Indians from their lands especially when Gold was found. Eyes lit up, greed set in and murder began. Yes their story has been written before and it probably will be again for there is a never ending quest for truth and justice for these people, the real first Americans who we seem to overlook at times, for they are the indigenous people.