This volume presents a detailed examination of the resource implications of building a large fortress, focusing on evidence from the unique site of Inchtuthil, Scotland, which was constructed and demolished within a period of only three years (AD 83-86). Elizabeth Shirley creates a methodology for determining the quantities of material and labour input required and the factors which affected construction. She then assesses additional structural aspects: roof-framing, roof coverings, walkways, flooring, lighting and ventilation and internal finishes. The majority of the study calculates quantities of materials, working methods and rates and labour requirements for work on and off the construction site. This includes large amounts of detailed information about a wide variety of structures within a Roman fort. The results are contrasted with other sites, including Strageath and Fendoch. Shirley argues that a study of the practicalities of constructing such a large-scale military building provides valuable information about the military advance into Scotland, the everyday life of Roman legionaries and their organisational and practical skills.

With the vast expansion of the Roman Empire came a need for more and more fortifications to defend it. The borders of the Empire stretched through wildly different terrains which demanded a huge variety of different fortifications, depending on the local conditions and the threats faced by the different areas. The adoption of local troops (auxiliaries) and local building techniques at key strategic points on the outskirts of the empire led to an intriguing mix of strong Roman structure with unique culturally diverse elements. Describing the development of these hugely varied defensive systems, Duncan Campbell delves into the operation and social history behind the fortifications. With detailed color artwork and maps, he traces their history through the Batavian Revolt of the 1st century AD, which saw auxiliary units scattered far from their native regions, until the decline of the late-3rd and 4th centuries placed their fortifications in an increasingly pressurized and eventually untenable position.

This accessible summary of the archaeological evidence from Roman Exeter reveals its origins as a legionary fortress garrisoned by the Second Augustan Legion. After the legion departed to Wales, Exeter became a Roman regional capital and continued to flourish on the very western edge of the Empire before its ultimate demise in the late 4th century.

This is a fascinating insight into life behind the walls of a Roman Legionary fortress.

An extensive guide to the legionary fortresses of the Roman Empire, including locations, history, layout, and more. This is a reference guide to Roman legionary fortresses throughout the former Roman Empire, of which approximately eighty-five have been located and identified. With the expansion of the empire and the garrisoning of its army in frontier regions during the 1st century AD, Rome began to concentrate its legions in large permanent bases. Some have been thoroughly explored while others are barely known, but this book brings together for the first time the legionary fortresses of the whole empire. An introductory section outlines the history of legionary bases and their key components. At the heart of the book is a referenced and illustrated catalogue of the known bases, each with a specially prepared plan and an aerial photograph. A detailed bibliography provides up-to-date publication information. The book includes a website providing links to sites relevant to particular fortresses and a Google Earth file containing all of the known fortress locations.

In this new edition, with a new preface and an updated bibliography, the author provides a comprehensive and well-documented survey of the evolution and growth of the remarkable military enterprise of the Roman army. Lawrence Keppie overcomes the traditional dichotomy between the historical view of the Republic and the archaeological approach to the Empire by examining archaeological evidence from the earlier years. The arguments of The Making of the Roman Army are clearly illustrated with specially prepared maps and diagrams and photographs of Republican monuments and coins.

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.