This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.

Pediatric osteology, a medical specialty that has come of age, has contributed to the understanding of adult bone diseases as well. This second edition reference updates the 2003 edition with more emphasis on management as well as new and revised contributions. Thirty chapters present basic information regarding bone development, tools and techniques for evaluation (including a new chapter on radiographic imaging), and the specifics of various diseases. The three editors are affiliated as follows: Francis H. Glorieux (McGill U., Canada), John M. Pettifor (Chir Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa), and Harald Juppner (Harvard Medical School, US). Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Developmental Juvenile Osteology was created as a core reference text to document the development of the entire human skeleton from early embryonic life to adulthood. In the period since its first publication there has been a resurgence of interest in the developing skeleton, and the second edition of Developmental Juvenile Osteology incorporates much of the key literature that has been published in the intervening time. The main core of the text persists by describing each individual component of the human skeleton from its embryological origin through to its final adult form. This systematic approach has been shown to assist the processes of both identification and age estimation and acts as a core source for the basic understanding of normal human skeletal development. In addition to this core, new sections have been added where there have been significant advances in the field. - Identifies every component of the juvenile skeleton, by providing a detailed analysis of development and ageing and a detailed description of each bone in four ways: adult bone, early development, ossification and practical notes - New chapters and updated sections covering the dentition, age estimation in the living and bone histology - An updated bibliography documenting the research literature that has contributed to the field over the past15 years since the publication of the first edition - Heavily illustrated, including new additions

In the past, determination of bone maturity relied on visual evaluation of skeletal development in the hand and wrist, most commonly using the Greulich and Pyle atlas. The Gilsanz and Ratib digital atlas takes advantage of digital imaging and provides a more effective and objective approach to assessment of skeletal maturity. The atlas integrates the key morphological features of ossification in the bones of the hand and wrist and provides idealized, sex- and age-specific images of skeletal development New to this revised second edition is a description and user manual for Bone Age for iPad®, iPhone® and iPod touch®, which can be purchased and used separately from this book. The App can be easily employed to calculate the deviation of the patient’s age from the normal range and to predict a possible growth delay. This easy-to-use atlas and the related App will be invaluable for radiologists, endocrinologists, and pediatricians and also relevant to forensic physicians.

Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review and synthesis assembled on the topic, across all vertebrates. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage develop in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone is repaired when we break a leg, or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a new tail. The second edition of Bones and Cartilage includes the most recent knowledge of molecular, cellular, developmental and evolutionary processes, which are integrated to outline a unified discipline of developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. Additionally, coverage includes how the molecular and cellular aspects of bones and cartilage differ in different skeletal systems and across species, along with the latest studies and hypotheses of relationships between skeletal cells and the most recent information on coupling between osteocytes and osteoclasts All chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest research. - Offers complete coverage of every aspect of bone and cartilage, with updated references and extensive illustrations - Integrates development and evolution of the skeleton, as well a synthesis of differentiation, growth and patterning - Treats all levels from molecular to clinical, embryos to evolution, and covers all vertebrates as well as invertebrate cartilages - Includes new chapters on evolutionary skeletal biology that highlight normal variation and variability, and variation outside the norm (neomorphs, atavisms) - Updates hypotheses on the origination of cartilage using new phylogenetic, cellular and genetic data - Covers stem cells in embryos and adults, including mesenchymal stem cells and their use in genetic engineering of cartilage, and the concept of the stem cell niche

This newly revised edition contains updated versions of all of the topics that were in the first edition and has been substantially expanded with an additional 5 chapters. Each chapter includes information from the most up-to-date research on how nutritional factors can affect bone health, written with an evidence-based focus and complete with comprehensive references for each subject. Nutrition and Bone Health, second edition covers all aspects of nutrition and the skeleton, from the history and fundamentals, to the effects of macronutrients, minerals, vitamins, and supplements, and even covers the effects of lifestyle, the different life stages, and nutrition-related disorders and secondary osteoporosis. New chapters include HIV & AIDs and the skeleton, celiac disease and bone health, and nutrition and bone health in space. Nutrition and Bone Health, second edition is a necessary resource for health care professionals, medical students, graduate students, dietitians, and nutritionists who are interested in how nutrition affects bone health during all stages of life.

The microscopic examination of fossilized bone tissue is a sophisticated and increasingly important analytical tool for understanding the life history of ancient organisms. This book provides an essential primer and manual for using fossil bone histology to investigate the biology of extinct tetrapods. Twelve experts summarize advances in the field over the past three decades, reviewing fundamental basics of bone microanatomy and physiology. Research specimen selection, thin-section preparation, and data analysis are addressed in detail. The authors also outline methods and issues in bone growth rate calculation and chronological age determination, as well as how to examine broader questions of behavior, ecology, and evolution by studying the microstructure of bone.

Bioceramics have been used very successfully within the human body for many years. They are commonly used in orthopaedic surgery and dentistry but they are potentially suitable for a wide range of important applications within the medical device industry. This important book reviews the range of bioceramics, their properties and range of clinical uses.Chapters in the first section of the book discusses issues of significance to a range of bioceramics such as their structure, mechanical properties and biological interactions. The second part reviews the fabrication, microstructure and properties of specific bioceramics and glasses, concentrating on the most promising materials. These include alumina and zirconia ceramics, bioactive glasses and bioactive glass-ceramics, calcium sulphate, tricalcium phosphate-based ceramics, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite biphasic ceramics, si-substrated hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate cement, calcium phosphate coating, titania-based materials, ceramic-polymer composites, dental ceramics and dental glass-ceramics. The final group of chapters reviews the clinical applications of bioceramics in joint replacement, bone grafts, tissue engineering and dentistry.Bioceramics and their clinical applications is written by leading academics from around the world and it provides an authoritative review of this highly active area of research. This book is a useful resource for biomaterials scientists and engineers, as well as for clinicians and the academic community. - Provides an authoritative review of this highly active area of research - Discusses issues of significance of a range of bioceramics such as their structure, mechanical properties and biological interactions - Reviews the clinical applications of bioceramics in joint replacement, bone grafts, tissue engineering and dentistry

Falls, fractures, frailty, osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older persons. While the concept of osteosarcopenia is new, it is a rapidly evolving and cross-disciplinary problem. Prevention and treatment are challenging and a combined therapeutic approach is needed. Osteosarcopenia provides evidence-based information on how to prevent and treat these conditions at multiple settings, including multiple illustrations, care pathways and tips to easily understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to these conditions. This work evaluates the potential for a link between osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. - Presents diagnostic and therapeutic tips that facilitate the design and implementation of new care pathways, impacting the wellbeing of our older population - Provides cross-disciplinary understanding by experts from the bone/osteoporosis field and the muscle/sarcopenia field - Covers muscle and bone biology, mesenchymal stem cells, age-related changes and cross-talk between muscle, fat and bone, falls and fracture risk, glucose metabolism, diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of osteosarcopenia