This work provides detailed information about materials needed for carrying out blasting operations such as explosives and related accessories, understanding of the process of fragmentation, various techniques, design methods, and applications including environmental aspects.

This book is a unique supplement to contemporary scientific literature on rock blasting technology. It encapsulates theoretical and practical aspects of drilling and blasting techniques used in both surface and subterranean excavations connected with civil as well as mining activities. Case studies are presented to illustrate correlations between theoretical calculations and empirical findings. It also summarizes the results of research carried out by the Blasting Department of the Central Mining Research Institute since its inception in the year 1970. It contains fifteen extensive chapters covering statistical methods, design parameters, rock breakage mechanism, structural damage, fragmentation, emerging techniques, surface and sub-surface blasting methodologies, safety and environmental aspects, explosive characteristics and modern initiating devices.

This work covers such topics as: EU directives and harmonization work; health, safety and environment; recent technical development - products and processes; shot hole development; and management of blasting operations.

In large surface mining operations, drilling and blasting activities constitute more than 15% of the total costs. In order to optimize performance and minimize costs, a thorough knowledge of drill and blast operations is, therefore, extremely important.In this unique reference volume, rotary blasthole drilling and surface blasting, as applied in la

Rock Blasting and Explosives Engineering covers the practical engineering aspects of many different kinds of rock blasting. It includes a thorough analysis of the cost of the entire process of tunneling by drilling and blasting in comparison with full-face boring. Also covered are the fundamental sciences of rock mass and material strength, the thermal decomposition, burning, shock initiation, and detonation behavior of commercial and military explosives, and systems for charging explosives into drillholes. Functional descriptions of all current detonators and initiation systems are provided. The book includes chapters on flyrock, toxic fumes, the safety of explosives, and even explosives applied in metal working as a fine art. Fundamental in its approach, the text is based on the practical industrial experience of its authors. It is supported by an abundance of tables, diagrams, and figures. This combined textbook and handbook provides students, practitioners, and researchers in mining, mechanical, building construction, geological, and petroleum engineering with a source from which to gain a thorough understanding of the constructive use of explosives.

This Bureau of Mines report covers the latest technology in explosives and blasting procedures. It includes information and procedures developed by Bureau research, explosives manufacturers, and the mining industry. It is intended for use as a guide in developing training programs and also to provide experienced blasters an update on the latest state of technology in the broad field of explosives and blasting. Types of explosives and blasting agents and their key explosive and physical properties are discussed. Explosives selection criteria are described. The features of the traditional initiation systems - electrical, detonating cord, and cap and fuse - are pointed out, and the newer nonelectric initiation systems are discussed. Various blasthole priming techniques are described. Blasthole loading of various explosive types is covered. Blast design, including geologic considerations, for both surface and underground blasting is detailed. Environmental effects of blasting such as flyrock and air and ground vibrations are discussed along with techniques of measuring and alleviating these undesirable side effects. Blasting safety procedures are detailed in the chronological order of the blasting process. The various Federal blasting regulations are enumerated along with their Code of Federal Regulations citations. An extensive glossary of blasting related terms is included along with references to articles providing more detailed information on the aforementioned items. Emphasis in the report has been placed on practical considerations.

Mining Engineering: Open Pit Techniques Introduction to Open Pit Mining Geological Considerations Ore and Waste Characterization Pit Design and Planning Survey and Geotechnical Assessments Drilling and Blasting Techniques Excavation and Loading Equipment Haul Road Construction Overburden and Waste Management Dewatering and Drainage Systems Environmental Regulations and Compliance Safety Protocols in Open Pit Mines Productivity and Efficiency Optimization Technological Advancements in Open Pit Mining

2. Density The density of soil and rock materials is essential in understanding their load-bearing capabilities. Bulk density is defined as the mass of the soil or rock per unit volume, which includes both the solid particles and the void spaces between them. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is a measure of density relative to the density of water and reflects the inherent material properties. The relationship between moisture content and density is particularly significant. As water content increases, the density of the material changes, impacting its engineering behavior. Saturated soils will exhibit different properties compared to dry soils, highlighting the importance of considering environmental conditions in classification. 3. Moisture Content Moisture content is the amount of water contained in the soil or rock, expressed as a percentage of the dry mass. It is a critical factor influencing the behavior of both soils and rocks. In soils, moisture affects weight, cohesion, and plasticity. The Atterberg limits, critical for classifying fine-grained soils, define the boundaries of moisture content for various states: liquid, plastic, and shrinkage. In rocks, moisture plays a vital role in weathering processes and can impact the rock’s strength and durability. Saturated conditions may lead to changes in pore pressure, potentially causing instability, especially in cases where excavation or grading is being performed.