Large biological data, which are often noisy and high-dimensional, have become increasingly prevalent in biology and medicine. There is a real need for good training in statistics, from data exploration through to analysis and interpretation. This book provides an overview of statistical and dimension reduction methods for high-throughput biological data, with a specific focus on data integration. It starts with some biological background, key concepts underlying the multivariate methods, and then covers an array of methods implemented using the mixOmics package in R. Features: Provides a broad and accessible overview of methods for multi-omics data integration Covers a wide range of multivariate methods, each designed to answer specific biological questions Includes comprehensive visualisation techniques to aid in data interpretation Includes many worked examples and case studies using real data Includes reproducible R code for each multivariate method, using the mixOmics package The book is suitable for researchers from a wide range of scientific disciplines wishing to apply these methods to obtain new and deeper insights into biological mechanisms and biomedical problems. The suite of tools introduced in this book will enable students and scientists to work at the interface between, and provide critical collaborative expertise to, biologists, bioinformaticians, statisticians and clinicians.

Introduces biological concepts and biotechnologies producing the data, graph and network theory, cluster analysis and machine learning, using real-world biological and medical examples.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Data Integration in the Life Sciences, DILS 2008, held in Evry, France in June 2008. The 18 revised full papers presented together with 3 keynote talks and a tutorial paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers adress all current issues in data integration and data management from the life science point of view and are organized in topical sections on Semantic Web for the life sciences, designing and evaluating architectures to integrate biological data, new architectures and experience on using systems, systems using technologies from the Semantic Web for the life sciences, mining integrated biological data, and new features of major resources for biomolecular data.

Like a data-guzzling turbo engine, advanced data mining has been powering post-genome biological studies for two decades. Reflecting this growth, Biological Data Mining presents comprehensive data mining concepts, theories, and applications in current biological and medical research. Each chapter is written by a distinguished team of interdisciplin

The study of biological data is constantly undergoing profound changes. Firstly, the volume of data available has increased considerably due to new high throughput techniques used for experiments. Secondly, the remarkable progress in both computational and statistical analysis methods and infrastructures has made it possible to process these voluminous data. The resulting challenge concerns our ability to integrate these data, i.e. to use their complementary nature effectively in the hope of advancing our knowledge. Therefore, a major challenge in studying biology today is integrating data for the most exhaustive analysis possible. Biological Data Integration deals in a pedagogical way with research work in biological data science, examining both computational approaches to data integration and statistical approaches to the integration of omics data

Stable, predictive biomarkers and interpretable disease signatures are seen as a significant step towards personalized medicine. In this perspective, integration of multi-omic data coming from genomics, transcriptomics, glycomics, proteomics, metabolomics is a powerful strategy to reconstruct and analyse complex multi-dimensional interactions, enabling deeper mechanistic and medical insight. At the same time, there is a rising concern that much of such different omic data –although often publicly and freely available- lie in databases and repositories underutilised or not used at all. Issues coming from lack of standardisation and shared biological identities are also well-known. From these considerations, a novel, pressing request arises from the life sciences to design methodologies and approaches that allow for these data to be interpreted as a whole, i.e. as intertwined molecular signatures containing genes, proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs, able to capture inter-layers connections and complexity. Papers discuss data integration approaches and methods of several types and extents, their application in understanding the pathogenesis of specific diseases or in identifying candidate biomarkers to exploit the full benefit of multi-omic datasets and their intrinsic information content. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: • Methods for the integration of layered data, including, but not limited to, genomics, transcriptomics, glycomics, proteomics, metabolomics; • Application of multi-omic data integration approaches for diagnostic biomarker discovery in any field of the life sciences; • Innovative approaches for the analysis and the visualization of multi-omic datasets; • Methods and applications for systematic measurements from single/undivided samples (comprising genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic measurements, among others); • Multi-scale approaches for integrated dynamic modelling and simulation; • Implementation of applications, computational resources and repositories devoted to data integration including, but not limited to, data warehousing, database federation, semantic integration, service-oriented and/or wiki integration; • Issues related to the definition and implementation of standards, shared identities and semantics, with particular focus on the integration problem. Research papers, reviews and short communications on all topics related to the above issues were welcomed.

Modern biological databases comprise not only data, but also sophisticated query facilities and bioinformatics data analysis tools. This book provides an exploration through the world of Bioinformatics Database Systems. The book summarizes the popular and innovative bioinformatics repositories currently available, including popular primary genetic and protein sequence databases, phylogenetic databases, structure and pathway databases, microarray databases and boutique databases. It also explores the data quality and information integration issues currently involved with managing bioinformatics databases, including data quality issues that have been observed, and efforts in the data cleaning field. Biological data integration issues are also covered in-depth, and the book demonstrates how data integration can create new repositories to address the needs of the biological communities. It also presents typical data integration architectures employed in current bioinformatics databases. The latter part of the book covers biological data mining and biological data processing approaches using cloud-based technologies. General data mining approaches are discussed, as well as specific data mining methodologies that have been successfully deployed in biological data mining applications. Two biological data mining case studies are also included to illustrate how data, query, and analysis methods are integrated into user-friendly systems. Aimed at researchers and developers of bioinformatics database systems, the book is also useful as a supplementary textbook for a one-semester upper-level undergraduate course, or an introductory graduate bioinformatics course.

Tutorial chapters by leaders in the field introduce state-of-the-art methods to handle information integration problems of omics data.

The heart of the book lies in the collaboration efforts of eight distinct bioinformatics teams that describe their own unique approaches to data integration and interoperability. Each system receives its own chapter where the lead contributors provide precious insight into the specific problems being addressed by the system, why the particular architecture was chosen, and details on the system's strengths and weaknesses. In closing, the editors provide important criteria for evaluating these systems that bioinformatics professionals will find valuable. * Provides a clear overview of the state-of-the-art in data integration and interoperability in genomics, highlighting a variety of systems and giving insight into the strengths and weaknesses of their different approaches.-

Advances in computer science and technology and in biology over the last several years have opened up the possibility for computing to help answer fundamental questions in biology and for biology to help with new approaches to computing. Making the most of the research opportunities at the interface of computing and biology requires the active participation of people from both fields. While past attempts have been made in this direction, circumstances today appear to be much more favorable for progress. To help take advantage of these opportunities, this study was requested of the NRC by the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy. The report provides the basis for establishing cross-disciplinary collaboration between biology and computing including an analysis of potential impediments and strategies for overcoming them. The report also presents a wealth of examples that should encourage students in the biological sciences to look for ways to enable them to be more effective users of computing in their studies.