This title was first published in 2000. This is a history of the monetary developments in the international economy of the 19th century. It reviews the monetary developments in the core economies of the period: Britain, the United States, France, Germany, and also India. Particular attention is given to the expansion of the gold standard in the context of the intense national and international debates about the role of precious metals and the author also examines the conflict between supporters of gold, silver and bimetallism, both in terms of competing financial and economic theories and in terms of the varying social and cultural backgrounds that informed them. The main thrust of the work is that the sheer plurality of ideas and contexts helped to ensure the eventual victory of the gold standard, despite the inherent superiority of bimetallic systems.

Originally published in 1936, this book discusses the post-War reconstruction of the monetary system. It examines the American use of silver and changes to China's currency system and asks whether a combination of gold and silver would not be a better solution than a pure Gold Standard. The book discusses to what extent it is possible to unite the advantages of an orthodox metallic standard with the greater elasticity which was required. Using geometry, the author gives a more complete picture of the relationships involved in Symmetallism and a theoretical account of the symmetallic Bullion Standard.