This is the first and only book to give a regional analysis of the oil, gas, coal, and mineral deposits of South-East Asia. The hydrocarbon-bearing basins are described in the complicated regional Tertiary tectonics, for which the region is the world's foremost field laboratory. The book is acompanion to the author's 1989 Geological Evolution of South-East Asia. (Now to be reissued by the Geological Society of Malaya.)The stratigraphy, structures, hydrocarbon and coal deposits of the major Tertiary basins are described. Regional similarities and differencs are analysed.Important ophiolite-related chromium, nickel and copper deposits, and volcanic-related porphyry copper and epithermal gold-silver deposits are described from the island-arc terrains of the Philipines and Indonesia. The Sundaland continental peninsular core has been the world's foremost source oftungsten and tin. The great placer tin mines of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand are now in decline. Iron, antimony, non-volcanic gold, fluorite, barite, lead-zinc and gemstone deposits are also described.

Given Australia’s lack of energy security strategy, it is not surprising that the country is void of institutional knowledge and know-how of Russian foreign energy strategy. The ‘lucky country’ as it were, relies entirely on sea-lines of communication to the north to supply fuel and to export Australian coal and natural gas. Australia has entered the 2020s as the world’s largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter; however, maintaining complacency in Canberra’s current export activities will ultimately lead to a long-term security crisis. This book critically examines Russian energy strategy in the Asia-Pacific, with a view to determining the security implications for Australia. Russia is important for global energy security chains because of its vast resource wealth and its geographical position – a pivotal position to supply both the European and Asian markets. Australia has no such luxury, geographically constrained as an island continent; it relies on the nearby Asia-Pacific import market to demand our energy and to facilitate the delivery of our national oil supplies. Understanding Russian foreign energy strategy in the region is crucial given the growing energy requirements in Australia’s emerging Asia-Pacific arena.

Energy has become a crucial determinant shaping the security environment of Asia. The continent's phenomenal growth is projected to raise oil and gas consumption to dramatic new levels. As major Asian nations become net energy importers, this thirst for oil will determine world energy export patterns and shape regional geopolitics. With the Arabian Gulf supplying the major proportion of Asian energy needs, Gulf-Asia links will emerge as a key factor in the global energy scenario. Energy security concerns will dominate Asian economic policy and strategic decision making and spur Asian investment in oil exploration, oil refining and development of alternative energy sources. What are the economic and strategic implications of Asia's growing dependence on Gulf oil? How far can Asian countries counter such dependence by improving energy efficiency and developing new sources? What are the energy transitions that Asian nations are undergoing? What kind of structural reforms are needed in the Asian energy markets? What are the implications of Asian energy consumption trends and current economic reforms for the Arabian Gulf producers? What will the impact of Asian markets be on the global energy scenario? These and related issues were examined by energy experts at the Seventh Annual Energy Conference held in Abu Dhabi from January 13-14, 2002. This volume of conference presentations discusses wide-ranging issues relating to the Asian energy sector including supply security, consumption trends, privatization moves, energy diversification, energy self-sufficiency and foreign investment.

At a time when the topic of energy is front and centre, this book examines the basic concepts that are essential to grasping the energy issues of the 21st century. All the main questions that people have about energy, especially oil and gas, are addressed, providing students, academics, journalists, representatives of government and other institutions and interested readers in general with the information they need to understand the complex, multifaceted energy sector. Abundantly illustrated, this book represents five years of exhaustive research on a fascinating and highly controversial topic. It discusses all the processes related to fossil forms of energy, from the formation of hydrocarbons (crude oil and natural gas) to the delivery of oil and gas to consumers. Il also examines renewable energy options and climate change issues in addressing the major geopolitical challenges facing the energy sector.

The region comprising the countries around and in the proximity of the Bay of Bengal has remained relatively unexplored for energy. Following a few major discoveries of oil and natural gas, it is now becoming promising even as the energy requirements of a combined population exceeding 1.5 billion are growing exponentially.

As energy has become one of the crucial factors in ensuring the economic growth and the sustainable development of people, nations, societies and, ultimately, human civilisation in the 21st century global scenario, there is a pressing need for treating energy as a strategic commodity and for analysing national, regional and global strategies concerning energy. This is an attempt to debate and discuss various facets -- economic, technological and political -- of such strategies, and at the same time, to encompass concepts, like energy security and energy diplomacy, that form significant components of such strategies. Strategising of energy is an issue that is inextricably linked with the domestic and foreign policies of a nation or a region, and it is characteristically futuristic, as strategies are supposed to be made with a long-term perspective. Contemporary Asian realities serve as the perspective of such an analysis for several reasons. Asia is the home of two fast growing and energy-thirsty countries like China and India, as well as Japan and the ASEAN countries. There are at least three energy-producing regions in Asia that are crucial for global energy security, like West Asia, the traditional one, two upcoming regions of Central Asia and the area around South China Sea. The Indian Ocean is one of the most important energy transit routes for international energy transport. Even the smallest disruption in the production and transport-chain of energy within Asia has the potential of upsetting the global energy balance. This volume attempts to focus on a number of significant issues concerning the theme of strategising of energy. Contributors analyse, debate and discuss the questions from different viewpoints and different angles. Thus, this volume represents a wide spectrum of views—from a scientist’s vision of a world with cleaner energy, to the strategist’s comments on solutions to national energy issues; from journalists’ views on the development of governmental policies on energy, to academicians’ analyses of regional energy strategies; and from historians’ analyses of the restructuring of the national energy infrastructure and the re-prioritising of national energy strategies, to debates on national, regional as well as maritime energy strategies by specialists on international relations.

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This book focuses on the geopolitics of Central Asia which has emerged as the new fertile ground for oil and energy resources. It analyses the scramble for energy and control over the region by many nations and their diplomatic manoeuvrings to ensure energy sufficiency and economic growth. The book provides a quantitative analysis of the Central Asian energy potential and offers an understanding of the unique position that each country occupies in the geopolitics of oil and energy in the region. It looks at aggressive foreign policies by countries like the US, China, the European Union, Japan, Israel, Iran and Pakistan, focusing primarily on India’s position and strategies in the region within the new great game. The book further examines the dynamics between Central Asia and India and India’s policies for geopolitical engagement and diversification of energy sources. This volume will be of interest to researchers and students of political studies, international relations, economics, sociology, and Asian studies. It will also be useful for policymakers and professionals working in the field of energy security and geo-economics.

Technology has expanded at such a rate that nearly every aspect of our world has been affected — yet there has been no corresponding expansion of personal happiness. Instead, we find that the wealthiest societies of the