In this unconventional biography, the author recounts the tower's rich history, from its abortive beginnings in 1173 through to its ongoing stabilization today, and examines the various symbolisms that have projected on it throughout the ages.

In the year 1260, Nicola Pisano, the sculptor who initiated the revival of classicizing ideals that would later form a major component of Italian Renaissance art, created a remarkable and unusual monument for the Baptistry of Pisa, a hexagonal pulpit supported by seven colorful columns and displaying on its parapet five visually compelling narrative reliefs; several years later he designed a second pulpit, this time for the cathedral of Siena. Toward the end of the century, his son Giovanni received a pulpit commission for the parish church of Sant'Andrea, Pistoia, to be followed a few years later (c. 1302) by another one for the cathedral of Pisa. These four extraordinary monuments, each building upon both older traditions and its own immediate predecessors, yet each a highly innovative and original solution, are the primary subject of this book. The pulpits by Nicola and Giovanni Pisano were produced during a period of enormous economic, intellectual, cultural and spiritual flux. The expanded body of knowledge that resulted from the rise of Scholasticism-a theological-intellectual current that, beginning in the French cathedral schools of the twelfth century, attempted to reconcile Christian faith with the newly valued ideals of observation and reason, in short, to synthesize Christian and classical learning--found expression in new themes and naturalistic motifs abounding in painting, book illumination and sculpture, and in religious and civic iconography. In contrast to the emphasis on transcendental experience of the earlier Middle Ages, the new urban-centered religious orders of the thirteenth-century, such as the Domincans and the Franciscans, fostered a more direct, empathetic relationship between ordinary mortals and God and his saints. The Pisano pulpits were profoundly informed by these new conditions and concerns, and in turn they contributed to changing perceptions about the natural world and the nature of religious experience. Indeed, these pulpits are among the earliest visual manifestations in Italy of the scholastic inclination to embrace a wide range of knowledge, for the narratives relating biblical history are augmented by representations of Virtues and Vices, Liberal Arts, and pagan prophetesses of antiquity. The sermons expounded from these and other urban pulpits were very much enhanced by the charisma of their preachers and the interplay between the verbal and the visual, both of which were expressed in the vernacular, that is, in the case of sermons no longer only in the remote Latin tongue, and in the case of visual imagery no longer employing the abstract forms and symbols of earlier periods. But preaching was by no means the sole function of these raised platforms; they were used for a variety of ceremonial occasions and, like the para-liturgical mystery and miracle plays that were becoming increasingly popular, they satisfied the needs for edification, diversion, and even entertainment, needs as compelling in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries as they are today. In this book, we explore in word and image these and other issues related to the pulpits of Nicola and Giovanni Pisano, both as individual masterpieces and as monuments within the larger context of pulpit traditions. Nicola and Giovanni, different as were their sculptural styles, were both consummate story-tellers and it is nothing less than astonishing to observe the formal devices employed to make those stories as compelling as possible: We shall thus witness varying interpretations of the narratives, differing iconographic emphases and formal devices, changing conceptions of the human figure, and the development of spatial awareness in the work of both father and son. By offering close readings of the narrative and figural iconography, and the sculptural form conceived to give them expression, this book invites the modern viewer-reader to follow the itinerary of their original audience, the worshiper standing before and walking around each pulpit. In addition, however, numerous close-up views of passages difficult to see in situ offer privileged access to details readily visible primarily to the sculptor at work rather than the standing or circumambulating spectator.

"From 1501 to 1505, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti both lived and worked in Florence. Leonardo was a charming, handsome fifty year-old at the peak of his career. Michelangelo was a temperamental sculptor in his mid-twenties, desperate to make a name for himself. The two despise each other."--Front jacket flap.

Ann Roberts here identifies and examines thirty objects from the convent of San Domenico of Pisa, commissioned for and made by fifteenth-century nuns. Roberts analyzes the social and religious functions of the images, firmly grounding her interpretation in the values of the nuns' Order, and in the political and social concerns of their city. A catalogue of works is included, and previously unpublished related documents are presented in the appendix.

This book introduces readers to the tower's history, examines why the tilt developed in the first place, and discusses the methods that have been used to stabilize the tower and keep it safe for visitors.

Discover the rich history and culture of some of the world¿s most influential historical places with these highly illustrated books, packed with informative and enlightening descriptions and information

Every three years the world awaits the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment or PISA, the rankings of school systems overseen by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Nations around the world look eagerly and apprehensively to see where their students rank on these tests of competence in, mainly, science, math and reading. This book provides a window into PISA and its power. What exactly is PISA? How are its tests developed? Who takes the test? What countries tend to outperform and which underperform? What do countries learn from PISA? Why is PISA both revered and feared? And, most importantly, does PISA improve education globally? The first PISA, in 2000, included 32 countries. In 2018, nearly eighty nations took part in PISA. That number is expected to double by 2030. This may mean that students in over 80% of the world’s countries will take the PISA exams. This scenario has made PISA more important than ever. This book probes topics and themes related to “the world’s most important exam” and why many view a high PISA ranking—rightly or wrongly—as global education’s seal of approval. Because of this, PISA has been called a disruptor, a test which can trigger major reform in school systems around the world. But is it the PISA rankings that are the real disruptor or the decisions countries make because of their rankings? These decisions often involve systemic changes in teaching and learning which can substantially alter how a country measures and prioritizes its education system.

Guided by Stephen Addiss's grounding in art history scholarship and Mary Erickson's expertise in art education theory and practice, this volume approaches the issue of teaching art history from theoretical and philosophical as well as practical and political standpoints. In the first section, Addiss raises issues about the discipline of art history. In the second, Erickson examines proposals about how art history can be incorporated into the general education of children and offers some curriculum guides and lesson plans for art educators.