This book chronicles the proceedings of the International Symposium on Apparent and Microscopic Contact Angles, held in conjunction with the American Chemical Society meeting in Boston, August 24--27, 1998. The symposium provided an opportunity to discuss several controversial issues associated with interfacial phenomena that govern the behavior of

This book chronicles the proceedings of the International Symposium on Apparent and Microscopic Contact Angles, held in conjunction with the American Chemical Society meeting in Boston, August 24--27, 1998. A. Fery, T. Pompe and S. Herminghaus A.V. Neimark Acid-base surface free energy of solids and the definition of scales in the van Oss-Good theory AFM measurements of hydrophobic forces between a polyethylene sphere and silanated silica plates - the significance of surface roughness An acoustic technique for the monitoring of dynamic wetting behaviour Analysis of evaporating droplets by using ellipsoidal cap geometry C. Della Volpe and S. Siboni C. Della Volpe, A. Penati, R. Peruzzi, S. Siboni, L. Toniolo and C. Colombo Contact angles on quartz induced by adsorption of heteropolar hydrocarbons Determination of acid-ase properties of metal oxide films and of polymers by contact angle measurements Determination of contact angles on swelling polymer particles by the column wicking method Determination of peripheral contact angle of sessile drops on solids from the rate of evaporation E. Chibowski, L. Holys and M. Lubomska E. McCafferty and J.P. Wightman E.A. Angu, R.C. Cameron, S.K. Pollack and W.E. Collins Effect of external radiofrequency electric field on the surface free energy components of calcium carbonate in the presence of cationic and anionic surfactants Estimation of contact angles on fibers Evolution of surface chemistry and physical properties during thin film polymerization of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers F. Chen, J.A. Finch, Z. Xu and J. Czarnecki Factors influencing contact angle measurements on wood particles by column wicking G. McHale, S.M. Rowan, M.I. Newton and N.A. Kb G. McHale, M.I. Newton, M.K. Banerjee and S.M. Rowan H. Haidara, L. Vonna and J. Schultz H.Y. Erbil H.Y. Erbil, G. McHale, S.M. Rowan and M.I. Newton Instability of the three-phase contact region and its effect on contact angle relaxation J. Drelich J. Nalaskowski, S. Veeramasuneni, J. Hupka and J.D. Miller J. Singh and A. Sharma K.-X. Ma, T.-S. Chung, P.K. Pallathadka and S.-S. Feng L.C. Salay and A.M. Carmona-Ribeiro L.-H. Lee M. Chamerois, M. Franois, F. Villiras and J. Yvon M. Wlinder and D.J. Gardner Measurement of contact line tension by analysis of the three-phase boundary with nanometer resolution Microsphere tensiometry to measure advancing and receding contact angles on individual particles Modification of calcium carbonate surface properties: macroscopic and microscopic investigations Molecular mechanisms of hydrophobic transitions Nanometer resolution of liquid surface topography by scanning force microscopy O.N. Tretinnikov PART 2: SURFACE FORCES AND SURFACE FREE ENERGY PART 3: WETTING OF HETEROGENEOUS, ROUGH AND CURVED SURFACES PART 4: DYNAMIC EFFECTS IN CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENT S. Ecke, M. Preuss and H.-J. Butt S.P. FriedmanS.Q. Shi and D.J. Gardner Self organization in thin liquid films: dynamics and patterns in systems displaying a secondary minimum Surfactant induced wetting singularities in confined solid-liquid-liquid systems: kinetic and dynamic aspects T. Pompe, A. Fery and S. Herminghaus The gap between the measured and calculated liquid-liquid interfacial tensions derived from contact angles The combined effect of roughness and heterogeneity on contact angles: the case of polymer coating for stone protection Thermodynamic equilibrium and stability of liquid films and droplets on fibers Underwater captive bubble technique on curved surfaces of blended polydimethylsiloxanes V.V. Yaminsky Wetting of SiO2 surfaces by phospholipid dispersions Wettability and microstructure of polymer surfaces: Sterochemical and conformational aspects Wettability of fine solids extracted from bitumen froth X. Xie and N.R. Morrow.

Motivated by a plethora of phenomena from nature, this textbook introduces into the physics of wetting of surfaces. After a brief discussion of the foundations of surface tension, its implementation for floating objects, capillary waves, bouncing droplets, walking of water striders, etc. is discussed. Furthermore, Marangoni flows, surface tension inspired instabilities, condensation and evaporation of droplets, liquid marbles, superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity (lotus effect) are introduced. All relevant concepts are illustrated by the numerous qualitative and quantitative exercises. Contents What is surface tension? Wetting of surfaces: the contact angle Surface tension-assisted floating of heavy and light objects and walking of water striders Capillary interactions between particles. Particles placed on liquid surfaces. Elasticity of liquid surfaces, covered by colloidal particles Capillary waves Oscillation of droplets Marangoni flow and surface instabilities Evaporation of droplets. The Kelvin and the coffee-stain effects Condensation, growth and coalescence of droplets and the breath-figure self-assembly Dynamics of wetting: bouncing, spreading and rolling of droplets (water hammer effect – water entry and drag-out problems)Superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity: the Wenzel and Cassie wetting regimes The Leidenfrost effect. Liquid marbles: self-propulsion Physics, geometry, life and death of soap films and bubbles

Vadose Zone Processes provides a unified, up-to-date treatment on the movement of water through unsaturated media. In addition to covering the basic equations governing the flow and fate of water in unsaturated media, the text covers the biogeochemistry of vadose environments and the statistical description of vadose processes. The authors emphasize maintaining an intuitive understanding of how the results are derived and how they are appropriately applied. This comprehensive and important book will be useful not only to those in traditional fields such as civil engineering, geology, crop science, chemical engineering, agricultural engineering, and hydrology but also in the newer environmental engineering fields including containment transport, pollution remediation, and waste disposal.

Wetting: Theory and Experiments collates papers published by Professor Eli Ruckenstein and his coworkers on the theoretical and experimental investigation of wetting of solid surfaces. It contains six chapters, each of which is preceded by a short introduction. The papers are selected according to the specific features being considered and they are arranged in logical rather than chronological order. The book focuses on wetting on the nanoscale (nanodrops on solid surfaces, liquid in the nanoslit) considered on the basis of microscopic density functional theory and to dynamics of fluid on the solid surface considered on the basis of hydrodynamic equations. Along with this, experimental studies of wetting related to various applications are presented.

Development of bioinspired materials and metamaterials has changed the philosophy of materials engineering and opened new technological possibilities, as they demonstrate properties that are not found in naturally occurring materials. This book examines advances in these emerging materials classes and investigates how their tailor-engineered properties, such as specific surface energy or refraction index, enable the design of devices and ultimately the ability to solve complex societal problems that are, in principle, impossible with traditional materials. The aim of this book is to survey the scientific foundations of the design and properties of bioinspired materials and metamaterials and the way they enter engineering applications. Introduces the physico-chemical foundations, theoretical groundings, and main equations of biomimetic and metamaterials science Describes how to develop and design these advanced materials and their applications Features end-of-chapter problems to help readers apply the principles Surveys achievements including metamaterials cloaking and the negative mass effect Emphasizes ecological aspects of materials science The text is intended for materials engineering students who have completed courses in general physics, chemistry, and calculus, as well as researchers in materials science and engineering.

The revealing of the phenomenon of superhydrophobicity (the "lotus-effect") has stimulated an interest in wetting of real (rough and chemically heterogeneous) surfaces. In spite of the fact that wetting has been exposed to intensive research for more than 200 years, there still is a broad field open for theoretical and experimental research, including recently revealed superhydrophobic, superoleophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, so-called liquid marbles, wetting transitions, etc. This book integrates all these aspects within a general framework of wetting of real surfaces, where physical and chemical heterogeneity is essential. Wetting of rough/heterogeneous surfaces is discussed through the use of the variational approach developed recently by the author. It allows natural and elegant grounding of main equations describing wetting of solid surfaces, i.e. Young, Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter equations. The problems of superhydrophobicity, wetting transitions and contact angle hysteresis are discussed in much detail, in view of novel models and new experimental data.

The first modern approach to relate fundamental research to the applied science of colloids, this series bridges academic research and practical applications, thus providing the information vital to both. Written by the very best scientists in their respective disciplines, this volume describes the role of colloids in paints, highlighting the importance of fundamental research in industrial applications. For surface, polymer and physicochemists, materials scientists, and chemical engineers.

This book presents an overview of the general field of biomimetics - lessons from nature. It presents various examples of biomimetics, including roughness-induced superomniphobic surfaces which provide functionality of commercial interest. The major focus in the book is on lotus effect, rose petal effect, shark skin effect, and gecko adhesion. For each example, the book first presents characterization of an object to understand how a natural object provides functionality, followed by modeling and then fabrication of structures in the lab using nature’s route to verify one’s understanding of nature and provide guidance for development of optimum structures. Once it is understood how nature does it, examples of fabrication of optimum structures using smart materials and fabrication techniques, are presented. Examples of nature inspired objects are also presented throughout.

The method of CVD (chemical vapor deposition) is a versatile technique to fabricate high-quality thin films and structured surfaces in the nanometer regime from the vapor phase. Already widely used for the deposition of inorganic materials in the semiconductor industry, CVD has become the method of choice in many applications to process polymers as well. This highly scalable technique allows for synthesizing high-purity, defect-free films and for systematically tuning their chemical, mechanical and physical properties. In addition, vapor phase processing is critical for the deposition of insoluble materials including fluoropolymers, electrically conductive polymers, and highly crosslinked organic networks. Furthermore, CVD enables the coating of substrates which would otherwise dissolve or swell upon exposure to solvents. The scope of the book encompasses CVD polymerization processes which directly translate the chemical mechanisms of traditional polymer synthesis and organic synthesis in homogeneous liquids into heterogeneous processes for the modification of solid surfaces. The book is structured into four parts, complemented by an introductory overview of the diverse process strategies for CVD of polymeric materials. The first part on the fundamentals of CVD polymers is followed by a detailed coverage of the materials chemistry of CVD polymers, including the main synthesis mechanisms and the resultant classes of materials. The third part focuses on the applications of these materials such as membrane modification and device fabrication. The final part discusses the potential for scale-up and commercialization of CVD polymers.