This book considers the evidence for actual contacts between Egypt and other early African cultures, and how influential, or not, Egypt was on them.

Proceedings of the Conference held at The Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, 2-4 October 2009

This is a timely work which seeks to place Egypt in its true historical context. It captures the substantial, unmistakable evidence for the indigenous African origin of the ancient Egyptians. It also examines the genius behind their invaluable achievement in concretizing and codifying the hieroglyphic system of writing that they inherited from their ancestors. It explains their mastery of the arts and sciences as displayed in their monumental architectural feats. And finally it analyzes their highly organized-not surprisingly, matriarchal -- social system which made it possible for so many of their unsurpassed contributions to be bequeathed to human cultures everywhere. Unlike conventional treatments of ancient Egypt, however, this innovative text renders the collected data accessible to layman and expert alike through its framework of suggested curriculum outlines, thus ensuring this book's usefulness to the general public as well as to educational institutions. "Professor Crawford.. has made every effort to show that art and language are weapons in a nation's cultural survival. In preparing this book with the...hope that it will be used in a multicultural curriculum, he has opened a new educational door by showing the true significance of ancient Egyptian art and language". -- John Henrik Clarke, Professor Emeritus/Hunter College "Blending Egyptology with progressive education philosophy..., Crawford argues that Egyptian studies, with a focus on art and language, is a necessary and empowering course of study for African American students... and for students from other backgrounds as well. -- Keith Gilyard, Syracuse University "Dr. Crawford cites chapter and verse as to how wecan naturally fashion the curriculum to reflect both our diverse legacies and contributions to society and, in so doing, render diverse and sundry individual subject areas genuinely interdisciplinary....I sincerely hope that this fine work gets the broad airing it deserves. If enough educators are exposed to it, I am certain it will play an important part in energizing the studies that take place in schools across the nation". -- Arthur Lewin, Baruch College

This Element is aimed at discussing the relations between Egypt and its African neighbours. In the first section, the history of studies, the different kind of sources available on the issue, and a short outline of the environmental setting is provided. In the second section the relations between Egypt and its African neighbours from the late Prehistory to Late Antique times are summarized. In the third section the different kinds of interactions are described, as well as their effects on the lives of individuals and groups, and the related cultural dynamics, such as selection, adoption, entanglement and identity building. Finally, the possible future perspective of research on the issue is outlined, both in terms of methods, strategies, themes and specific topics, and of regions and sites whose exploration promises to provide a crucial contribution to the study of the relations between Egypt and Africa.

First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Presents proof that an advanced black African civilization inhabited the Sahara long before Pharaonic Egypt • Reveals black Africa to be at the genesis of ancient civilization and the human story • Examines extensive studies into the lost civilization of the “Star People” by renowned anthropologists, archaeologists, genetic scientists, and cultural historians as well as the authors’ archaeoastronomy and hieroglyphics research • Deciphers the history behind the mysterious Nabta Playa ceremonial area and its stone calendar circle and megaliths Relegated to the realm of archaeological heresy, despite a wealth of hard scientific evidence, the theory that an advanced civilization of black Africans settled in the Sahara long before Pharaonic Egypt existed has been dismissed and even condemned by conventional Egyptologists, archaeologists, and the Egyptian government. Uncovering compelling new evidence, Egyptologist Robert Bauval and astrophysicist Thomas Brophy present the anthropological, climatological, archaeological, geological, and genetic research supporting this hugely debated theory of the black African origin of Egyptian civilization. Building upon extensive studies from the past four decades and their own archaeoastronomical and hieroglyphic research, the authors show how the early black culture known as the Cattle People not only domesticated cattle but also had a sophisticated grasp of astronomy; created plentiful rock art at Gilf Kebir and Gebel Uwainat; had trade routes to the Mediterranean coast, central Africa, and the Sinai; held spiritual and occult ceremonies; and constructed a stone calendar circle and megaliths at the ceremonial site of Nabta Playa reminiscent of Stonehenge, yet much older. Revealing these “Star People” as the true founders of ancient Egyptian civilization, this book completely rewrites the history of world civilization, placing black Africa back in its rightful place at the center of mankind’s origins.

"Ancient Nubia ... will introduce you to the peoples and culture of the ancient land of Nubia. A civilization sometimes threatened by, but more often competitive with, its more powerful northern neighbor, Egypt. Ancient Nubia had an identitiy and a diversity of tradition that is extraordinary to investigate."--Cover.

In the 9th century BC, a powerful kingdom arose in northern Sudan (Kush). Conquering Egypt, its kings ruled the Nile Valley, from the Mediterranean as far as Khartoum, for half a century. This was a period of dramatic historical events, dominated by the expansion of the Assyrian Empire into Syria and Palestine. The Nubians supported the kings of Israel against Assyria, but even Egypt itself was invaded. Allied with the Assyrians, the Libyan princes of Sais succeeded in ousting the Nubians and reuniting Egypt under their own rule. Despite these constant wars, this was also a period of artistic renaissance, attested by many building works in Egypt and Sudan, by a striking series of portrait sculptures, and the splendid burial treasures of the royal family. Withdrawal from Egypt did not mark the end of the Kushite state, which continued for nearly 1000 years.

In this interdisciplinary study, Leire Olabarria examines ancient Egyptian society through the notion of kinship. Drawing on methods from archaeology and sociocultural anthropology, she provides an emic characterisation of ancient kinship that relies on performative aspects of social interaction. Olabarria uses memorial stelae of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (ca.2150–1650 BCE) as her primary evidence. Contextualising these monuments within their social and physical landscapes, she proposes a dynamic way to explore kin groups through sources that have been considered static. The volume offers three case studies of kin groups at the beginning, peak, and decline of their developmental cycles respectively. They demonstrate how ancient Egyptian evidence can be used for cross-cultural comparison of key anthropological topics, such as group formation, patronage, and rites of passage.