Orthodontic appliances are the appliances created by orthodontic technology that is used for the treatment of malocclusions. There are two main types of orthodontic appliances: active and functional. They can either be fixed or removable appliances. The active appliance is the tool that is used to apply forces to the teeth in order to change its relation. Some examples of fixed orthodontic appliances are begg light wire appliances, bi helix, self-ligating edgewise appliances, tri helix, pre-adjusted edgewise appliances etc. The functional orthodontic appliance is used to produce orthodontic forces by utilizing the muscle action of the patient and responses of the nervous system. Some examples of fixed orthodontic functional appliances are herbst appliance and twin block appliance. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of fixed orthodontic appliances. It covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around this domain. Researchers and students in this field will be assisted by this book.

Comprehensive specialist manual covering the science and practice of functional appliance therapy Integrates clinical and academic elements with emphasis on evidence-based research and its clinical application Suitable for trainee and practicing orthodontists Includes more than 600 photographs to enhance clarity of topics covered Features contributions from top clinicians and researchers in the field

This is a research-based book on the clinical use of the Herbst appliance in the management of Class 2 malocclusions. Different clinical problems and questions are addressed in the light of the corresponding research existing. Thus, in contrast to other Class 2 alternative treatments, the Herbst appliance approach is based on scientific research.

Twin Block appliances are simple bite blocks that are designed for full-time wear. They achieve rapid functional correction of malocclusion (misalignment of upper and lower teeth) by the transmission of favourable occlusal forces to occlusal inclined planes that cover the posterior teeth. The forces of occlusion are used as the functional mechanism to correct the malocclusion (www.twinblocks.com). Beginning with an introduction to orthodontics and twin blocks, the next chapters describe growth studies and diagnosis and treatment planning. Each of the following sections discusses the use of twin blocks for different types of malocclusion. With a focus on the latest developments in functional therapy, the book offers guidance on diagnosis, treatment planning, case selection, appliance design and clinical management. Written by the internationally recognised Orthodontist William Clark from Fife, UK, who also invented Twin Blocks, this comprehensive guide includes nearly 600 clinical photographs and illustrations. Key points Comprehensive guide to use of Twin Blocks in treatment of malocclusion Focus on latest developments in functional therapy Written by UK-based inventor of Twin Blocks Includes nearly 600 images and illustrations

Neuromuscular adaptations of superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscle was compared, following treatment of class II div1 malocclusion in growing children, with flexible and rigid fixed functional appliances. It was observed that there was a significant decrease in the muscle activity at 4 weeks with both types of fixed functional appliances. The most significant and prominent difference between the two types of appliances was observed during maximum voluntary clenching, in which, the decrease in the muscle activity was more significant in subjects treated with rigid fixed functional appliance than those treated with flexible fixed functional appliance. This difference was attributed to faster occlusal contacts that were achieved in patients treated with flexible fixed functional appliance. In view of the decreased EMG activity observed in the present investigation, our findings are more consistent with the concept which assigns a major role to the viscoelastic elements of muscle and increased lip strength as mechanism for neuromuscular adaptation, to account for the skeletal changes associated with functional appliance therapy in treating Class II malocclusion.

Presents a series of practical design cards for functional appliances. The cards give detailed notes on clinical selection of appliances and technical construction. An invaluable working guide for both clinicians and technicians. [editor].

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Evidence-Based Orthodontics, Second Edition retains important elements of the First Edition, with several new sections to improve its use as a quick and comprehensive reference. New updated edition of a landmark text that surveys the principles and practice of evidence-based orthodontics Offers practical strategies for professionals to incorporate EBO in their daily practices Presents brief summaries of the best evidence for a wide range of clinical topics Incorporates information from over 400 systematic reviews, listed by topic

This innovative atlas provides an advanced, step-by-step approach to specifically and efficiently diagnose and treat orthodontic cases through the use of over 500 color illustrations and over 50 line drawings. Presents the latest treatment techniques that are based on the latest research of diagnosis, cephalometrics and clinical applications. Offers information to guide in the utilization of light, the reducing of patient discomfort, shortening treatment time and minimizing the potential risk of iatrogenic root resorption.