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In an era, fraught with existential threats, Academic Framework for 21st-Century Schooling: Promoting Global Peace and Harmony answers the urgent call for a new path forward. The UN Secretary-General's recent address, echoing decades of warnings from UNESCO, has underscored the dire state of our world. Global warming, pollution, terrorism, unchecked population growth, discrimination, refugee migration, consumerism, and the ominous specter of weapons of mass destruction loom large in an age marked by nationalism and imperialism. The very fabric of human existence is unraveling, and even the UN's well-intentioned MDG and SDG initiatives are in jeopardy. This book, authored by esteemed scholars, proposes a transformation of global education as the antidote to this crisis. It champions the cultivation of a fresh generation with essential attributes like critical thinking, empathy, respect for diversity, and a profound sense of global responsibility. Schools are envisioned as the crucible for shaping these future citizens. At its core, this book offers a well-founded academic framework for global peace and harmony education, addressing the intricacies of 21st-century schooling, curriculum transformation, global best practices, and the vision of 'happy schooling.' It is a clarion call to scholars and educators to lead the way toward a world where peace and harmony are not just ideals, but the very foundation upon which humanity thrives. Our world and future generations depend on this transformative journey, one we must embark upon without delay.

One-on-One Tutoring by Humans and Computers articulates the CIRCSIM-Tutor project, an attempt to develop a computer tutor that generates a natural language dialogue with a student. Editors Martha Evens and Joel Michael present the educational context within which the project was launched, as well as research into tutoring, the process of implementation of CIRCSIM-Tutor, and the results of using CIRCSIM-Tutor in the classroom. The domain of this project is cardiovascular physiology, specifically targeting first-year medical students, though the idea is applicable to the development of intelligent tutoring systems across populations, disciplines, and domains. This 5 year-long project was motivated by the belief that students need assistance in building appropriate mental models of complex physiological phenomena, as well as practice in expressing these ideas in their own words to fully develop those models, and experience in problem-solving to use those models effectively. The book outlines directions for future research, and includes distinct features such as: *detailed studies of human one-on-one tutoring; *learning outcomes resulting from use of the tutor; *natural language input parsed and translated into logical form; and *natural language output generated using the LFG paradigm. This volume will appeal to educators who want to improve human tutoring or use computer tutors in the classroom, and it will interest computer scientists who want to build those computer tutors, as well as anyone who believes that language is central to teaching and learning.

The presented book has been prepared on the basis of the latest syllabus of Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET Central Teacher Eligibility Test Paper-Ii (Class: Vi-Viii) Mathematics and Science 15 Practice Sets and 1 Latest Solved Paper (2023). Presented book highly relevant to exam based paper. All questions are set by studying syllabus deeply and inspecting them in the context of CTET questions, make important facts in question format. Attempts have been made to incorporate to present questions from all the chapters. An attempt has been made to explain the important facts in simple words, so that the candidate can easily understand the subject matter and answer the questions in examination.