In order to determine whether methods of job analysis and classification currently used are biased by traditional sex stereotypes or other factors, a committee assessed formal systems of job evaluation and other methods currently employed in the private and public sectors for establishing the comparability of jobs and their levels of compensation. A review of sociological and economic literature shows that some differences in the characteristics of workers and in jobs do form a legitimate basis for wage differentials. Nevertheless, there exists a pervasiveness of occupational and job segregation by sex. Given the current operation of the labor market and the existence of a variety of factors that permit the persistence of earning differentials between men and women (e.g., labor market segmentation, job segregation, and employment practices), it would seem that intentional and unintentional discriminatory elements enter into the determination of wages and are not likely to disappear. Use of a job evaluation system is one possible remedy to this situation. While the subjectivity of job evaluation makes job evaluations less than perfect vehicles for resolving pay disputes, they can serve to identify potential wage discrimination. (MN)

Focusing on the roots and scale of wage nonpayment, the book is an indispensable guide to understanding Russia's economic restructuring and of the social costs of the transition born by the general population. The seventy-year-old Soviet tradition of "wages without work" soon turned into "work without wages" when the planned economy began switching to a market system in 1992. Lack of budget discipline, the breakdown of contractual obligations at all levels, and the failure of state agencies to enforce laws among businesses led to pervasive wage nonpayment to workers in both the public and private sectors. In this book Padma Desai and Todd Idson combine econometric rigor, policy analysis, and empirical evidence to analyze wage nonpayment patterns across demographic groups defined by gender, age, and education, and in various occupations, industries, and regions of Russia. They also examine wage nonpayment to Russia's military personnel, in the wider context of a disintegrating military. Focusing on the roots and scale of wage nonpayment, the book is an indispensable guide to understanding Russia's economic restructuring and of the social costs of the transition born by the general population. Among the questions addressed are: How did Russia's factory managers decide who, among various categories of workers, would not get paid? Did wage denial push people below the poverty line? How did families survive when denied wages? Did strikes lead to reduced wage arrears? The authors describe a variety of survival strategies on the part of Russian families, including informal paid activity, the selling of family assets, home production for consumption and sale, and the receiving of cash from relatives.

production for family consumption and for the wider market. While the importance of women’s domestic labor has been generally recognized, the complex articulation between household activities and the changing nature of the economy has rarely been examined in greater depth than in this volume. The authors explore, theoretically and empirically, the relationships between household labor, wage levels, markets, economic change, and the status of women in the context of both first and third world countries. In the process, narrowly-defined debates are expanded, suggesting ways in which our understanding of domestic activities is relevant to studies of petty commodity production and vice versa.

Belman and Wolfson perform a meta-analysis on scores of published studies on the effects of the minimum wage to determine its impacts on employment, wages, poverty, and more.

Equip yourself to manage, motivate, compensate, and reward everyone in this workplace revolution The future of work is here. From the shift to Millennials and Gen Z in the workforce to the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Gig Economy, the world of work and rewards has significantly changed since the initial WorldatWork Handbook was published. Human resources and total rewards professionals need tools to equip them to manage a changing workforce. This completely revised second edition addresses the challenging and disruptive issues facing employers today and tomorrow. The WorldatWork Handbook of Total Rewards is the definitive authority on compensation and rewards from the leading global nonprofit organizations for professionals who are engaged in the critically important practice of total rewards. This book is a go-to resource for all business professionals and leaders who reward and create productive, committed and inspired workforces worldwide. Readers will learn the basics of rewards, along with a deep dive and high-level view of how rewards programs enable organizations to deliver on their brand promises and perform at their optimal level. Gain a thorough understanding of compensation and benefits, along with employee well-being, development, and recognition, all updated to address the realities of today’s workplace. Understand why the Millennial and Gen Z workforce requires a different value proposition, and how to meet their needs. Discover the tools and techniques you need to help you reskill and become a highly valued workforce contributor and leader in the digital era. Learn how to attract, retain, and engage talent by building a healthy workplace culture and employing unique incentives that drive high performance and loyalty. Technical enough for specialists but broad in scope for managers and HR generalists, this well-rounded resource belongs on the desk of anyone interested in organizational effectiveness. An indispensable tool for understanding and implementing the total rewards concept, The WorldatWork Handbook of Total Rewards, Second Edition is the key to designing programs and practices that ensure employee engagement and organizational success.

Annotation This book is a history of housework in the United States prior to the Civil War. More particularly, it is a history of women's unpaid domestic labour in the context of the emergence of an industrialized society in the northern United States.

The distribution of income, the rate of pay raises, and the mobility of employees is crucial to understanding labor economics. Although research abounds on the distribution of wages across individuals in the economy, wage differentials within firms remain a mystery to economists. The first effort to examine linked employer-employee data across countries, The Structure of Wages:An International Comparison analyzes labor trends and their institutional background in the United States and eight European countries. A distinguished team of contributors reveal how a rising wage variance rewards star employees at a higher rate than ever before, how talent becomes concentrated in a few firms over time, and how outside market conditions affect wages in the twenty-first century. From a comparative perspective that examines wage and income differences within and between countries such as Denmark, Italy, and the Netherlands, this volume will be required reading for economists and those working in industrial organization.