In the early twentieth century, Marcus Garvey sowed the seeds of a new black pride and determination. Attacked by the black intelligentsia and ridiculed by the white press, this Jamaican immigrant astonished all with his black nationalist rhetoric. In just four years, he built the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the largest and most powerful all-black organization the nation had ever seen. With hundreds of branches, throughout the United States, the UNIA represented Garvey’s greatest accomplishment and, ironically, the source of his public disgrace. Black Moses brings this controversial figure to life and recovers the significance of his life and work. “Those who are interested in the revolutionary aspects of the twentieth century in America should not miss Cronon’s book. It makes exciting reading.”—The Nation “A very readable, factual, and well-documented biography of Marcus Garvey.”—The Crisis, NAACP “In a short, swiftly moving, penetrating biography, Mr. Cronon has made the first real attempt to narrate the Garvey story. From the Jamaican's traumatic race experiences on the West Indian island to dizzy success and inglorious failure on the mainland, the major outlines are here etched with sympathy, understanding, and insight.”—Mississippi Valley Historical Review (Now the Journal of American History). “Good reading for all serious history students.”—Jet “A vivid, detailed, and sound portrait of a man and his dreams.”—Political Science Quarterly

Many find it hard to explain why they consider lighter skin complexions to be more beautiful than others and although deep down we all know the truth, when faced with a critic’s opinion they're still never completely honest with us as to why they deem darker tones to be inferior. These beauty standards have roots that travel for miles, like a spider’s web there are so many factors that feed into this discussion. These beauty standards are so embedded and have been normalised throughout the centuries, that they are still visible today in different countries and cultures. "Skin Mutilation in the Black Community" is a comprehensive view on why this beauty standard exists, and how it has shaped melanated people’s psyche and decision making when they decide to permanently alter their skin with dangerous bleaching creams. Investigating key events in history and societal norms, I interview melanated women who have bleached their skin before, placing their beliefs under a microscope. I also sit down to talk with Clinical Director and Counselling Psychologist, Rameri Moukam, who owns Pattigift therapy. Rameri is best known for her work with the house of commons to implement legislations that create positive change for protecting black people from racial abuse within the mental health institution. In this book we seek to understand if the act of skin bleaching is a manifestation of ‘Post traumatic slave syndrome’ and self-hatred that requires medical and psychological intervention. Join us in this discussion…

She Is Black is a what I would describe as the “very Best version of Black women”. It speaks volume about the overwhelming circumstances Black women face and the challenges that will surface as each of us walk this journey called life. Yet we are headstrong and magical. This book is unapologetically raw, unbiased and particularly a very finite composition of my own beliefs, opinion and personal experiences. It’s a fluid repose of the Black woman’s soul and the strength that is sometimes stifled, by our own minds. It’s about our drive, our talents and how extraordinary we stand. It’s a guide for Black women. A light for the Strong, and for those who are still trying to find their strengths. It’s for the younger generation of beautiful black queens, who are unable to see their beauty through their own eyes. It’s for all of us who are still creating our paths and still dreaming of endless possibilities. Note to self, and as a phenomenal Black woman, never stop dreaming. Don’t be afraid to start over. They might tell you starting over is for the weak hearted who are easy to give up. Starting over shows how strong you are, powering through your pain and turning that agony into something beautiful. It’s not about how far you’ve come but how much further your willing to go. Go beyond the clouds. Aim higher than the stars, you are resilient and brave. Be Proud that you are woman, be proud that you are BLACK.

This volume focuses on the black family in the United States and the social forces and issues that affect it, including education, healthcare, racism, poverty, and politics. It examines the effects of these social forces on individuals as well as families. Contributions are varied. "A Biscuit for a Letter" examines education in the antebellum South. "Black Intellectuals on Trial" and "Africans' Perspectives on Race in the US" both analyse the role of race and racism in America. "Feminization of Poverty and the Black Family" illustrates the double burden of race and gender borne by black women. "It's Gotta Be Some Drama!" analyses the televised depiction of black colleges and universities. "African-centred Research Frameworks" studies the importance of cultural awareness in academia. "Work to Be Done" recounts the activism of black women in the Democratic Party. This volume offers an interdisciplinary approach to study of the black family in the United States, taking into account the forces of the larger society that influence it. The Black Family and Society is the most recent volume in Transaction's Africana Studies series.

This book considers the diversity of the experiences and legacies of the First World War, looking at the actions of those who fought, those who remained at home and those who returned from the arena of war. It examines Edwardian ideals of gender and how these shaped social expectations of the roles to be played by men and women with regards to the national cause. It looks at men’s experiences of combat and killing on the Western Front, exploring the ways in which masculine gender ideals and male social relationships moulded their experience of battle. It shows how the women of the controversial White Feather campaign exploited traditional ideas of heroism and male duty in war to embarrass men into volunteering for military service. The book also examines children’s toys and recreation, underlining how play helped to promote patriotic values in children and thus prepared boys and girls for the respective roles they might be called upon to make in war. A strong sense of British identity and a faith in the superiority of British values, customs and institutions underpinned the collective war effort. The book looks at how, even in captivity at the Ruhleben internment camp, the British gave expression to this identity. The book emphasises the extent to which this was a conflict in which Britain sought to defend and even extend its imperial dominion. It also discusses how different political and cultural agendas have shaped the way in which Britain has remembered the War. As such, the book reflects the diversity of popular experience in the War, both at home and in the empire. Britain’s entry into the War in 1914 helped to ensure that it became a truly global conflict. The contributors here draw attention to the significant social, cultural and political legacies for Britain and her empire of a conflict which, one hundred years later, continues to be the subject of considerable controversy.

“Of all the various acts of inequity throughout time, none was more severe than the submission forced upon the indigenous peoples of the earth by their earthly demi-god counterparts. Robbing these peoples of their God given cultural and traditional knowledge of survival, void of cultural references and alienated from their traditional survival techniques and skills, the indigenous peoples had no other choice than to accept the ways of the earthly demi-gods, which was modernity and that came with many social disadvantages, worst of all, they would become second and third class citizens in a racially divided and dystopic world. The standard procedure was the implementation of acts that were intended to impart the greatest degree of fear, the fear of death and the fear of dying; whatever methods the noble savages thought would break the barbarian savages into submission. All manner of unthinkable acts of atrocity were employed against the indigenous peoples, because the objectives of the earthly demi-gods had to be met, which was to expropriate the lands and natural resources from these savages, these ‘uncivilized’ people.” The work of Niggers Sing Redemption Songs: Reggae, The heart-beat of a people takes aim at reaffirming the psyche and glory of the Black self as of utter importance in our efforts to make our world a better place. The unconscionable disregard for the glory of the Black self and by refusing to use it, has successfully stripped away Black humanity from the Black indigenous peoples’ collective consciousness; overall leading to a ‘niggerization’ process done for the benefits of the barbaric and ignobly self-acclaimed earthly demi-gods. The Black peoples of the world must bring back the ‘Black’ love of self and all things Black, that is your redemption and then, real life will be given to you. Additionally, what was most evidently conspicuous and surprising was a revelation that had emerged from the research of this study. The study has discovered evidences, which would indicate that because of social biases, for example, racial prejudices, and out-right arrogance, coupled with miss-education and deprecated mindsets, the attitudes of many Jamaican historians, the down trodden sectors of the Jamaican society were undermined and were not given meaningful historical documentations. The academics did not document, accurately, the accounts of Afro-Jamaican culture, for instance, the Rastafarians input into the cultural history of Jamaica. Although many academics of the time were themselves Afro- Jamaican, non-sympathizers to the Rasta movement, and, in most cases, just a generation or two removed from slavery, they were non-commiserated towards their people’s history and struggles. So much so, that they did not consider the documentation of their Afro-Jamaican culture as a priority, and as such, a deficit in proper documentation of historical material exists today. This becomes quite evident in the footnotes, where due to the lack of material, there is a redundancy in reference materials Therefore, in order to add further depth to the stock of the genre of Black Liberation Literature, this work advances a redemptive process which is aimed, primarily, at every individual that has been niggerized by White supremacy and their racist systems. Therein, that each nigger would cultivate an awareness that would be congruent with his/her Black redemption, as is outlined in this literary work. Thus, that he/her would be empowered sufficiently, to rise above the White supremacist world that had ungratefully grafted him/ her and had restrained him/her to oppressive states of meaningless existences. Black people must rise above their common bound, the social degradation of niggerization, a social construct of the White racist demi-gods and to accept the fundamental merits and opportunities that a Black redemption would have provided, which is, the reconstructed Black self, with all its social advantages, because White America will not change and they will not change for the sake of niggers or will they accept niggers as Whites. Sorry, but no skin bleaching formula will change Blacks into White. The Black experience is not the undoing of the White racist demi-gods; instead, it is the doings of the reconstructed niggers towards the redemption, freedom, of Black individuals.

The Forgotten People: Restoring a Missing Segment of Plaquemines Parish History chronicles the little-known but inspiring achievement of African Americans in dismantling institutional racism in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, located at the end of the United States. Rev. Tyronne Edwards, a lifelong resident and spiritual leader of the parish, introduces the reader to people cultivating a spirituality that lifted them from the dehumanization of slavery on more than a dozen plantations. He recounts the state laws enacted by African Americans during the Reconstruction Era that would be considered progressive in this modern day. We meet the community leaders who outwitted and outlasted Judge Leander Perez, a fierce segregationist who reigned over Plaquemines and state politics. We learn the battles waged by African Americans to knock down doors in schools, businesses, and government that were once closed to them. With photographs, interviews, and a penetrating analysis of racism, Rev. Edwards breathes life into the important historical record of African American in Plaquemines Parish who should never be forgotten.

The book celebrates the diversity of beautiful women and explores why men desire women of particular skin colours and ethnic backgrounds. This book also includes a number of African and Arab proverbs.

When Shirley Chisholm was asked why she would dare run for president, her response was, why not her? Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm rose from being the child of immigrants to the United States to running for the highest office in the land. Her achievement in doing this as a Black woman was not in spite of her background but rather because of it. She became both the first African American woman elected to the US Congress and the first female African American of a major political party to make a serious run for president of the United States. She persevered by being steadfast in her political convictions and unwillingness to compromise on the issues she believed in. Chisholm directly challenged the political establishment and was successful because she galvanized women, minorities, young people, and the poor not only in her home district in Brooklyn, New York, but across the country. She was that catalyst for change who gave a political voice to so many segments of society who were, up until that time, ignored: women, minorities, the young, members of the gay community, domestic and agricultural workers, and the poor. Her run for the presidency in 1972 was a win in terms of her forging a unified grassroots campaign in which the voices of the previously voiceless joined together for a single cause of voting for someone who supported their diverse but collective interests. As many historians have pointed out, without Shirley Chisholm there may not have been a Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, or Kamala Harris.

Camille's goal of writing her book is to share past experiences and how her knowledge helped her with emotional, mental growth and development. restoring a feeling of wholeness. The intention is to not in any way hurt her surviving relatives, it is only to finally close chapters of her life and in doing so happier chapters have begun to manifest for Camille. Please note Camille chose to use words relevant to eras words such as Colored, Negro, Black, Afro-American, African American are used reflecting various eras from late 1940’s through the present time.