Stimulant drugs are widely used in the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. Hundreds of studies over the past 60 years have demonstrated their effectiveness in improving attention span, increasing impulse control, and reducing hyperactivity and restlessness. Despite widespread interest in these compounds, however, their mechanisms of action in the central nervous system have remained poorly understood. Recent advances in the basic and clinical neurosciences now afford the possibility of elucidating these mechanisms. The current volume is the first to bring this expanding knowledge to bear on the central question of why and how stimulants exert their therapeutic effects. The result is a careful, comprehensive, and insightful integration of material by well-known scientists that significantly advances our understanding of stimulant effects and charts a course for future research. Part I presents a comprehensive description of the clinical features of ADHD and the clinical response to stimulants. Part II details the cortical and subcortical neuroanatomy and functional neurophysiology of dopamine and norepinephrine systems with respect to the regulation of attention, arousal, activity, and impulse control and the effects of stimulants on these systems. Part III is devoted to clinical research, including recent studies of neuroimaging, genetics, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of stimulants, effects on cognitive functions, neurophysiological effects in humans with and without ADHD and in non-human primates, and comparison of stimulants and non-stimulants in the treatment of ADHD. Part IV is a masterful synthesis that presents alternative models of stimulant drug action and generates key hypotheses for continued research. The volume will be of keen interest to researchers and clinicians in psychiatry, psychology, and neurology, neuroscientists studying stimulants, and those pursuing development of new drugs to treat ADHD.

Describes the effects of amphetamines and stimulants and provides information about drug testing, dependence and withdrawal, and finding treatment.

Provides a critical review of stimulant medication literature regarding stimulant efficacy for restoring/maintaining cognition during sleep loss.

This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.

People with ADHD—attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—can be helped by medications such as Ritalin™ and Adderall™. Alternatively, other young adults are abusing these same drugs to their own detriment. Discover the true consequences of ADHD medication abuse, including the many health risks of taking these drugs. Learn how abusing ADHD medication can change your life for the worse. Discover the downside of ADHD medication abuse!

From ancient times to the present day, Iranian social, political, and economic life has been dramatically influenced by psychoactive agents. This book looks at the stimulants that, as put by a longtime resident of seventeenth-century Iran, Raphaël du Mans, provided Iranians with damagh, gave them a "kick," got them into a good mood. By tracing their historical trajectory and the role they played in early modern Iranian society (1500-1900), Rudi Matthee takes a major step in extending contemporary debates on the role of drugs and stimulants in shaping the modern West. At once panoramic and richly detailed, The Pursuit of Pleasure examines both the intoxicants known since ancient times--wine and opiates--and the stimulants introduced later--tobacco, coffee, and tea--from multiple angles. It brings together production, commerce, and consumption to reveal the forces behind the spread and popularity of these consumables, showing how Iranians adapted them to their own needs and tastes and integrated them into their everyday lives. Matthee further employs psychoactive substances as a portal for a set of broader issues in Iranian history--most notably, the tension between religious and secular leadership. Faced with reality, Iran's Shi`i ulama turned a blind eye to drug use as long as it stayed indoors and did not threaten the social order. Much of this flexibility remains visible underneath the uncompromising exterior of the current Islamic Republic.

From the extravagant use of pepper in the Middle Ages to the Protestant bourgeoisie's love of coffee to the reason why fashionable Europeans stopped sniffing tobacco and starting smoking it, Schivelbusch looks at how the appetite for pleasure transformed the social structure of the Old World. Illustrations.

Basic knowledge about the nature and treatment of stimulant use disorders. Reviews what is currently known about treating the med., psychiatric, and substance abuse-dependence problems assoc. with the use of 2 high-profile stimulants: cocaine and methamphetamine (MA). The info. is understandable and relevant for clinicians and other "front line" substance use disorder treat. providers. Offers recomm. on treat. approaches, recomm. to maximize treat. engagement, strategies for planning and initiating treat., and strategies for initiating and maintaining abstinence. Includes recomm. for the med. mgmt. of stimulant users and recomm. regarding special groups and settings.

Microbiome Stimulants for Crops: Mechanisms and Applications provides the latest developments in the real-world development and application of these crop management alternatives in a cost-effective, yield protective way. Sections address questions of research, development and application, with insights into recent legislative efforts in Europe and the United States. The book includes valuable information regarding mechanisms and the practical information needed to support the growing microbial inoculant and biostimulant industry, thus helping focus scientific research in new directions. - Provides methods for finding and testing endophytic and growth promotional microbes - Explains the mechanisms of microbes and other biostimulant function in promoting plant growth - Evaluates methods for treatments of plants with microbes and microbiome stimulants - Identifies areas for new research

The author has organized basic, core information on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chemical dependence into a readily understandable format. His approach teaches the physician what steps to take from a practical point of view: how to prevent addiction in the first place, how to diagnose the condition, how to aid the family get the addict into treatment, and how to increase the chances of long-term recovery. The book is divided into three sections. The first section covers basic definitions and concepts. The second section describes the pharmacology of the various psychoactive substances: depressants, opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, phencyclidines, and inhalants. The third section discusses chemical dependence in special groups: women, adolescents, the elderly, ethnic minorities, dual diagnosis patients, HIV- positive patients, and impaired physicians.