Have you ever wondered why animals have different kinds of feet? This leveled text introduces beginning readers to four different kinds of animals and how their unique feet help them move! Each spread features large text and bright, colorful photos. Readers will also encounter special features that highlight how webbed feet work and show off different types of hooves. This book is sure to keep readers engaged and eager to read more!

A thoroughly updated version of the successful first edition, with a new chapter on Real-Time PCR, more prokaryotic applications, and more detail in the complex mutagenesis sections.

Essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such as "dog," "man," or "intelligence," have an underlying reality or true nature that gives objects their identity. Where does this idea come from? In this book, Susan Gelman argues that essentialism is an early cognitive bias. Young children's concepts reflect a deep commitment to essentialism, and this commitment leads children to look beyond the obvious in many converging ways: when learning words, generalizing knowledge to new category members, reasoning about the insides of things, contemplating the role of nature versus nurture, and constructing causal explanations. Gelman argues against the standard view of children as concrete or focused on the obvious, instead claiming that children have an early, powerful tendency to search for hidden, non-obvious features of things. She also attacks claims that children build up their knowledge of the world based on simple, associative learning strategies, arguing that children's concepts are embedded in rich folk theories. Parents don't explicitly teach children to essentialize; instead, during the preschool years, children spontaneously construct concepts and beliefs that reflect an essentialist bias. Essentialist accounts have been offered, in one form or another, for thousands of years, extending back at least to Aristotle and Plato. Yet this book is the first to address the issues surrounding essentialism from a psychological perspective. Gelman synthesizes over 15 years of empirical research on essentialism into a unified framework and explores the broader lessons that the research imparts concerning, among other things, human concepts, children's thinking, and the ways in which language influences thought. This volume will appeal to developmental, cognitive, and social psychologists, as well as to scholars in cognitive science and philosophy.

Facts, facts, facts! We are surrounded by facts: some strange, some horrific, some unbelievable, and some funny. Those facts make us who we are. Humans are a curious species and we all want to know the truth. Astronomy, animals, plants, the human body, science, history, people, war, and the Earth are all interesting subjects about which most of us know very little. This book contains many known facts that you probably didn’t know before, but will make you say, “Really!?” Did you know that our galaxy, the Milky Way, and our nearest neighbour, the Andromeda Galaxy, are on a collision course? But not to worry, the two galaxies won’t collide for about four billion years. Really!?

A thoroughly updated version of the successful first edition with a new chapter on Real-Time PCR, more prokaryotic applications, and more detail in the complex mutagenesis sections. Information on PCR applications in genomics and proteomics have been expanded and integrated throughout the text. There is also advice on available products and specific pointers to the most appropriate methods. As with the first edition, this will be an ideal practical introduction and invaluable guide to PCR and its applications.

Many creatures use adhesive polymers and structures to attach to inert substrates, to each other, or to other organisms. This is the first major review that brings together research on many of the well-known biological adhesives dealing with bacteria, fungi, algae, and marine and terrestrial animals. As we learn more about their molecular and mechanical properties we begin to understand why they adhere so well and with this comes broad applications in areas such as medicine, dentistry, and biotechnology.

A comprehensive guide to emotional blockages in the energy body and their physical manifestations • Details how emotional trauma, long-term stress, and environmental influences cause energy blockages in the subtle body that affect the physical body • Explores more than 30 specific physical ailments, detailing the energetic origins of each condition and which meridians, chakras, and points are affected • Explains how to interpret and work with energies released in massage and during yoga practice In this comprehensive guide to subtle energy and its associated physical manifestations, Robert Henderson reveals how the discomfort and pain you carry in your physical body is related to the energies of the life you have experienced. The author explains the eight types of subtle energy: Emotional, which carries anger, fear, love, and other emotions; Mental, which affects patterns of behavior, beliefs, actions, and memories; Spiritual, which influences intuition, inspiration, and transcendent states; Sexual, which affects creativity, spontaneity, and excitement; Environmental, which arises from stress at work, tension at home, and other outside influences; Interpersonal, which comes from interactions with family, lovers, and friends; Ancestral, the energy of the lives of your parents up to the time of your conception; and Karmic, the energy of your past lives. Detailing how these energies are drawn in by the chakras and distributed throughout the body by the meridians, the author explains how suffering acute emotional trauma or long-term stress causes negative energies to accumulate in the energy body much like fat deposits. Our physical body reacts to these energy blockages, leading to physical conditions such as closed hips, tight hamstrings, digestive distress, chronic pain, and persistent tension in areas like the shoulders. The author explores more than 30 specific physical ailments, providing the energetic origins of each condition, the exact location of the corresponding energy blockage, and which meridians, chakras, and points are affected. He covers sexual energy in depth, explaining how to handle repressed energy as it is released during yoga or massage. As the author shows, physical ailments caused by the energies of hurtful life events can be healed through massage and yoga, allowing you to become open to the free and spontaneous circulation of energy through the subtle body.

The Psychology of Learning and Motivation series publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter thoughtfully integrates the writings of leading contributors, who present and discuss significant bodies of research relevant to their discipline. Volume 51 includes chapters on such varied topics as emotion and memory interference, electrophysiology, mathematical cognition, and reader participation in narrative. - Volume 51 of the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series - An essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science - Relevant to both applied concerns and basic research