Introductory technical guidance for civil and structural engineers interested in alkali/silicate aggregate reactions in concrete. Here is what is discussed: 1. ALKALI-SILICA AGGREGATE REACTIONS 2. CRITERIA FOR RECOGNITION OF POTENTIALLY DELETERIOUS CONSTITUENTS IN AGGREGATE 3. METHODS OF DETERMINING THE POTENTIAL FOR REACTIVITY 4. RELIABILITY OF AVAILABLE TEST METHODS 5. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING POTENTIAL REACTIVITY 6. CONTROL OF ALKALI-SILICA AGGREGATE REACTIONS.

Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers and other professional engineers and construction managers interested in alkali/silicate reactions in concrete aggregate. Here is what is discussed: 1. ALKALI-SILICA AGGREGATE REACTIONS, 2. CRITERIA FOR RECOGNITION OF POTENTIALLY DELETERIOUS CONSTITUENTS IN AGGREGATE, 3. METHODS OF DETERMINING THE POTENTIAL FOR REACTIVITY, 4. RELIABILITY OF AVAILABLE TEST METHODS, 5. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING POTENTIAL REACTIVITY, 6. CONTROL OF ALKALI-SILICA AGGREGATE REACTIONS.

This book reviews the fundamental causes and spectrum effects of ASR. It considers he advances that have been made in our understanding of this problem throughout the world.

Silicate Science, Volume VI: Silicate Structures and Dispersoid Systems reviews the advances made in silicate research from 1960 through 1970, with emphasis on X-ray diffraction methods, their theory, and the refinements of special silicate structures, particularly of natural silicate minerals or of synthetic products. The Zolati systematics of silicate crystal structures are used in this treatise, along with the principle of a systematics after the "sharing coefficients." Comprised of three sections, this volume begins with an overview of the progress made in infrared and Raman spectroscopy as well as the Mössbauer nuclear paramagnetic resonance method. Advances in experimental techniques applicable to crystal structure problems and crystal chemistry are highlighted, together with research in isomorphism, isotypism, polymorphism, and the epitaxis phenomena. The next section deals with clay minerals and considers the refined physical-chemical methods used for their identification, chiefly by infrared spectroscopy. Structures, adsorption, and base exchange reactions of clay minerals with inorganic and organic compounds are analyzed. The final section is devoted to silica and silicate dispersoid systems and the many advances made in electron microscopy, especially in the Castaing electron microprobe method. This book will be of interest to mineralogists, chemists, and crystallographers.

without an appreciation of what happens in between. The techniques available for the chemical analysis of silicate rocks have undergone a revolution over the last 30 years. However, to use an analytical technique most effectively, No longer is the analytical balance the only instrument used it is essential to understand its analytical characteristics, in for quantitative measurement, as it was in the days of classi particular the excitation mechanism and the response of the cal gravimetric procedures. A wide variety of instrumental signal detection system. In this book, these characteristics techniques is now commonly used for silicate rock analysis, have been described within a framework of practical ana lytical aplications, especially for the routine multi-element including some that incorporate excitation sources and detec tion systems that have been developed only in the last few analysis of silicate rocks. All analytical techniques available years. These instrumental developments now permit a wide for routine silicate rock analysis are discussed, including range of trace elements to be determined on a routine basis. some more specialized procedures. Sufficient detail is In parallel with these exciting advances, users have tended included to provide practitioners of geochemistry with a firm to become more remote from the data production process. base from which to assess current performance, and in some This is, in part, an inevitable result of the widespread intro cases, future developments.

Silica is one of the key materials in many modern technological applications. Further miniaturization of nanoelectronic devices necessitates rational design of ultrathin silica films on electrically conductive substrates. This is the first-ever book on the preparation and atomic-level description of ultrathin silica films grown on metal substrates. Experimental and theoretical studies performed in recent years provide compelling evidence of the growth of well-ordered silica films that exhibit the structural motif of sheet silicates. A growing body of research suggests that a singlelayer silicate, which received the name silicatene by analogy with the famous graphene, should be included in the family of truly two-dimensional materials. In addition, the silicate films modified with metals such as Al and Fe offer a unique possibility to study the surface structures (and hence the surface chemistry) of natural silicates, e.g., clays and zeolites. Finally, ultrathin silica films represent well-defined model systems for elucidating the mechanism of crystal-glass transitions.

Chemistry and Microstructure of Solidified Waste Forms presents a comprehensive summary of mechanisms of immobilization in cementitious waste forms and the effect of waste species on cement chemistry and morphology. The book introduces the well-known chemistry and microstructure of cement pastes, in addition to common mechanisms of immobilization of waste species in cementitious waste forms. The fundamental chemical and microstructural fate of waste species is reviewed, and a technique for studying cementitious waste forms using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is described with examples of its application. Chemistry and Microstructure of Solidified Waste Forms also presents evidence to prove that chromium in waste becomes part of the cement matrix, and the potentially harmful effect of this process is discussed. Data for interpretations are included so that other researchers can analyze the data and draw their own conclusions. The book also discusses how solubility and solubility theory can be combined with leach theory and diffusion theory to predict the leaching performance of cementitious waste forms. Chemistry and Microstructure of Solidified Waste Forms will prove invaluable to hazardous waste professionals, engineers, environmental engineers, chemical engineers, waste disposal managers, waste form developers and researchers, and regulators.