Rows of green ash, hackberry, honeylocust, Siberian elm, and American elm trees were released in 1960 after nearly 20 years of crowding in two Nebraska shelterbelts. Treatments were: clearcutting two adjacent rows, clearcutting one adjacent row, and no cutting. Results were studied for 7 years. released trees grew faster in diameter and height, and developed longer, wider, denser crowns than unreleased trees. Epicormic branches on stems of released trees, together with sprouts from stumps, helped restore low-level densities and restricted the invasion of grass and weeds.

This revised and updated edition of Rudolf Geiger's classic text provides a clear and vivid description of the surface microclimate, its physical basis, and its interactions with the biosphere. The book explains the principles of microclimatology and illustrates how they apply to a wide array of subfields. Those new to the field will find it especially valuable as a guide to understanding and quantifying the vast and ever-increasing literature on the subject. Designed as an introductory text for students in environmental science, this book will also be an essential reference for scientists seeking a clear understanding of the nature and physical basis of the climate near the ground, and its interactions with the biosphere.