The next several years will see a massive emergence of hydrogen fuel cells as an alterative energy option in both transportation and domestic use. The long-range expectation is that hydrogen will be used as a fuel, produced either from renewable energy, fossil, or nuclear sources, offering an environmentally acceptable and efficient source of power/energy. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells describes in detail the techniques associated with all the production and conversion steps and the set-up of systems at a level suited for both academic and professional use. The book not only describes the "how" and "where" aspects hydrogen fuels cells may be used, but also the obstacles and benefits of its use, as well as the social implications (both economically and environmental). Thoroughly illustrated and cross-referenced, this is the ultimate reference for researchers, professionals and students in the field of renewable energy. * Written by a world-renowned leader in the study of renewable energy.* Thoroughly illustrated with cross-references for easy use and reference.* Written at a level suited for both academic and professional use.

This book deals with irrigation disputes and conflict transformation in Central Asia. It analyzes aid projects which seek to transform inter-community conflicts between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the Ferghana Valley, addressing both the practicalities of aid and the discourses within which notions of these practicalities are formed.

A hydrogen economy, in which this one gas provides the source of all energy needs, is often touted as the long-term solution to the environmental and security problems associated with fossil fuels. However, before hydrogen can be used as fuel on a global scale we must establish cost effective means of producing, storing, and distributing the gas, develop cost efficient technologies for converting hydrogen to electricity (e.g. fuel cells), and creating the infrastructure to support all this. Sorensen is the only text available that provides up to date coverage of all these issues at a level appropriate for the technical reader. The book not only describes the "how" and "where" aspects of hydrogen fuels cells usage, but also the obstacles and benefits of its use, as well as the social implications (both economically and environmental). Written by a world-renowned researcher in energy systems, this thoroughly illustrated and cross-referenced book is an excellent reference for researchers, professionals and students in the field of renewable energy. Updated sections on PEM fuel cells, Molten carbonate cells, Solid Oxide cells and Biofuel cells Updated material to reflect the growing commercial acceptance of stationary and portable fuel cell systems, while also recognizing the ongoing research in automotive fuel cell systems A new example of a regional system based on renewable energy sources reflects the growing international attention to uses of renewable energy as part of the energy grid Examples of life cycle analysis of environmental and social impacts

Diverse social programmes --including conditional cash transfer programmes, labour and production inclusion programmes and social pensions--are being implemented in Latin American and Caribbean countries with the aim of ending poverty and reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle. This book offers an up-to-date analysis of these programmes and the way they relate to labour inclusion, and analyses ongoing debates regarding the possible incentives and disincentives they create in terms of the labour supply, formalization and child labour among the target population. Considering that poverty is a structural problem of highly unequal societies, the thesis that poverty is due to a lack of effort on the part of the poor is argued to be an expression of the strong prejudice against those living in poverty, the great majority of whom work or are actively seeking employment, but are hampered by the large decent work deficits existing in the region. From an integrated and rights-based perspective, public policies should simultaneously address the twofold challenge of social and labour inclusion in order to achieve basic thresholds of well-being by ensuring income, universal access to good-quality social services and opportunities for decent work.

Competition authorities are increasingly interested in understanding the impact of their activities on markets and consumers. The goal is to improve competition policy rules and decision-making practices and to get robust evidence on the benefits of competition and competition policy for society as a whole. Discussions with competition authorities, practitioners and academics have shown the need to take stock of the experience gained in this field by the European Commission and to present it in an easily accessible way. The studies collected in this volume – prepared by senior Commission officials and competition policy experts – range from the ex post evaluation of specific policy interventions to the assessment of the broader impact of competition policy. The issues and topics examined include the following: objectives and scope of evaluations by the European Commission; description of counterfactual evaluation techniques used; conditions for a successful ex post evaluation of a competition policy intervention; a wide selection of individual cases covering a variety of economic sectors; applications in merger control, antitrust and State aid; direct benefits of competition policy interventions for consumers; deterrent effects of such interventions on market participants; and macroeconomic outcomes in terms of job creation, productivity and GDP growth. This matchless book assembles within a single volume all that is needed for competition policy analysts and practitioners to undertake ex post economic evaluations. While its collection of state-of-the-art ex post evaluation studies has a clear value for competition authorities, it is sure to be welcomed as well by competition law practitioners in the private sector, who will greatly appreciate the effort made to cast a critical eye on decisions taken in the past. Moreover, it allows for addressing some of the new challenges facing competition policymakers. Fabienne Ilzkovitz is Principal Advisor responsible for the economic evaluation of competition policy within the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission, and since 2014, she has coordinated various ex post evaluation projects in the Directorate-General. She is also Associate Professor of Economics in the Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. Adriaan Dierx is Senior Expert on ex post economic evaluation within the Directorate-General for Competition of the European Commission. He has managed a number of studies aimed at assessing the economic impact of the European Commission’s competition policy interventions.

Despite the fact that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been active since November of 2002, the American homeland is still not secure from terrorist attack. What passes as DHS strategy is often just a list of objectives with vague references to the garnering of national resources, and the marshalling of support from other nations. Drawi

This volume presents recent progress in the improvement of the nuclear database needed for the development of Generation IV nuclear energy systems.The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) identified six advanced concepts for sustainable nuclear energy production at competitive prices and with advanced safety, with special attention to nuclear non-proliferation and physical protection issues, minimization of long-lived radiotoxic waste, and optimum natural resource utilization System groups have been established for studying these concepts in detail, and nuclear data are an inherent part of these studies. This book reviews the work recently performed for the development of these systems.The contributions include an up-to-date overview of recent achievements in sensitivity analysis, model calculations, estimates of uncertainties, and the present status of nuclear databases with regard to their applications to Generation IV systems. In the workshop, special attention was given to the identification of nuclear data needs from sensitivity analysis of benchmark experiments and the treatment of uncertainties. The proceedings contain overviews of several experimental program and recent results of interest for the development of Generation IV systems.

The 36th edition of the SIPRI Yearbook analyses developments in 2004 ino Security and conflictso Military spending and armamentso Non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament The SIPRI Yearbook contains extensive annexes on the implementation of arms control and disarmament agreements and a chronology of events during the year in the area of security and arms control. Studies in this volume:Euro-Atlantic securityMajor armed conflictsMultilateral peace missionsGoverning the use of force under international auspicesThe greater Middle EastLatin America and the CaribbeanEnvironmental securityFinancing security in a global contextMilitary expenditure Arms productionInternational arms transfersArms control and the non-proliferation processNuclear arms control and non-proliferationChemical and biological weapon developments and arms control Libya's renunciation of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons and longer-range missile programmesConventional arms control International non-proliferation and disarmament assistanceMultilateral export controlsThe Proliferation Security InitiativeThe annual accounts and analyses are extensively footnoted, providing a comprehensive bibliography in each subject area.