A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs

This is one of the first complete surveys of McCulloch's work, and it shows his thought to have been far more complex and comprehensive than has previously been realized.

This four-part overview of electronic commerce offers a more thorough and technical view of the subject than many recent books on the subject. The book provides a balance of theories, applications, and hands-on material. Electronic Commerce is divided into four parts: Electronic Commerce Basics, Electronic Commerce Supporting Activities, Implementation and Management Issues in Electronic Commerce, and Appendix and Glossary. The book's chapters begin with introductions of leading companies with significant e-commerce expertise and at least two small case studies. They include 10 or more hands-on exercises, encouraging readers to explore and analyze sites, and a list of key terms and bibliographic citations. They conclude with 25-30 review questions and 6-10 projects for further investigation. Offers a generalist's overview of the field and its major players for people with little or no technical background Every chapter starts with an industry profile and two information boxes, which serve as case studies and point to practical applications Projects and hands-on exercises conclude each chapter