The state of the art in the optical characterization of materials is advancing rapidly. New insights have been gained into the theoretical foundations of this research and exciting developments have been made in practice, driven by new applications and innovative sensor technologies that are constantly evolving.

We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet presents prioritized science, applications, and observations, along with related strategic and programmatic guidance, to support the U.S. civil space Earth observation program over the coming decade.

Social Impact, Organizations and Society represents endeavors to comprehensively explore the essence of social impact. The editors aim to elucidate its definition, scope, measurement and implementation. Delving into how organizations integrate social impact into their core missions, decision-making processes and operational frameworks, this monograph strives to identify avenues for enhancing social impact generation. Furthermore, its focus lies on fostering effective relationships with diverse stakeholder groups and providing empirical evidence of social impact practices across industries and sectors. Through an in-depth examination of the latest research, this monograph sheds light on the evolving role of corporate social responsibility and its significance amidst contemporary challenges. Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 14 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This volume compiles recent research on phytoplankton primary productivity (PP) in the Indian Ocean to provide an understanding and consolidation of the driving mechanisms of PP variability in diverse oceanic ecosystems globally. The book aims to facilitate a holistic overview of the research carried out in this field in various oceanic realms such as Indian coastal and oceanic waters (estuaries, coastal waters, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean). The contents of this book also address the United Nations sustainable development goals i.e., SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life below Water), with a focus on the impacts of climate change oceanic ecosystems. The book can serve as a comprehensive baseline of information for researchers studying planktonic primary productivity and biogeochemistry-related research in the above-mentioned marine ecosystems and other global oceans. It is intended to attract the attention of researchers, professionals, undergraduate and graduate oceanography students, and policy makers in the field of marine sciences.

This narrative delves into the health and healing practices of indigenous tribes across the United States prior to the arrival of settlers through to the present day. Focused on physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual well-being, the book traces each tribe's origins and their current locations, shedding light on their economic and social issues today. The book explores the impact of interactions with settlers, explorers, and neighboring communities on the health of these tribes then and now. Uniquely, it provides a comprehensive examination of traditional health and healing methods, addressing the repercussions of cultural interactions from early dealings to contemporary times. In a landscape where few works focus on the health aspects of individual tribes, this book stands out by offering a nuanced exploration of the diverse indigenous societies and their evolving health paradigms influenced by interactions with White culture.

APPLICATION OF AMBIENT PRESSURE X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY TO CATALYSIS Authoritative and detailed reference on ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for practitioners and researchers starting in the field Application of Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Catalysis introduces a relatively new analytical method and its applications to chemistry, energy, environmental, and materials sciences, particularly the field of heterogeneous catalysis, covering its background and historical development, its principles, the instrumentation required to use it, analysis of data collected with it, and the challenges it faces. The features of this method are described early in the text; the starting chapters provide a base for understanding how AP-XPS tracks crucial information in terms of the surface of a catalyst during catalysis. The second half of this book delves into the specific applications of AP-XPS to fundamental studies of different catalytic reactions. In later chapters, the focus is on how AP-XPS could provide key information toward understanding catalytic mechanisms. To aid in reader comprehension, the takeaways of each chapter are underlined. In Application of Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Catalysis, readers can expect to find detailed information on specific topics such as: Going from surface of model catalyst in UHV to surface of nanoparticle catalyst during catalysis Application of XPS from surface in UHV to surface in gas or liquid phase and fundamentals of X-ray spectroscopy Significance and challenges of studying surface of a catalyst in gaseous phase and instrumentation of ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectrometers Experimental methods of AP-XPS studies and difference in data analysis between AP-XPS and high vacuum XPS Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is an ideal resource for entry level researchers and students involved in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, the text will appeal to scientists in more senior roles in academic and government laboratory institutions in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, energy science, and materials science.

The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth’s surface and encompasses 99% of its habitable volume, yet is largely unexplored. However, new technologies, approaches, and a growing recognition of the ocean’s role in sustaining the health, wealth, and security of modern society has spurred a rapid acceleration in ocean exploration and discovery. Past ocean exploration efforts have fundamentally impacted our view of the bounds of life on the planet, the human-ocean relationship, and the Earth’s inner workings, and many more discoveries yet remain. The varied stakeholders for ocean exploration are exemplified in many of the UN Ocean Decade challenges that require generating baseline knowledge to expose ocean regions and processes not yet constrained. As more of the deep ocean is explored, we gain important insight into scientifically and societally relevant questions including the distribution of ocean organisms and ecosystems, seafloor mineralization, chemical cycling, and the role of the oceans in global climate. Ocean exploration benefits from deep integration across disciplinary boundaries and careful coordination between stakeholders and explorers. This volume brings together scientists, engineers, and educators across disciplinary boundaries towards the common goal of mapping and characterizing unknown parts of the ocean. To meet the tremendous challenge of exploring the world's oceans will require the incorporation of new technologies and approaches that enhance the efficiency of exploration, adopt the latest developments in autonomy, and recognize the value of ocean exploration for society’s benefit. This current topic provides an overview of the latest data, results, and innovations along with an assessment of the current gaps in ocean exploration in order to focus the community’s efforts and enhance the spread of current innovations. We invite contributions that describe advances in ocean exploration including, but not limited to: • Assessments of and novel approaches to identifying exploration gaps and targets • Descriptions of novel vehicle systems that utilize autonomy and artificial intelligence to enhance ocean exploration. • Development of new sensors and samplers that offer opportunities for scaling up ocean exploration and minimizing impact to ocean environments. • Approaches to accessing difficult-to-reach and challenging subsea environments for exploration. • The synergies of combining uncrewed systems with human expertise. • New methods for analyzing and interpreting ocean data that create new scientific outcomes and enhance data use. • Approaches to engaging a more diverse ocean exploration community including the indigenous communities adjacent to ocean exploration targets. • Evaluations of ocean exploration impact on issues of high societal relevance.

Reshaping Health Systems: What Drives Health Care and How You Can Change It illuminates how forces in the health care system (“systems factors”) impact patient care before outlining strategies (“systems solutions”) to enact change and improve care delivery. Using a case-based format that mirrors real-world scenarios involving patients and clinicians, Drs. Liao, Staloff, and Joo impart foundational health systems knowledge and skills in ways that are intuitive, enjoyable, and accessible for clinicians and health system leaders alike. The book is divided into two parts. Part I follows the journey of a patient navigating systems factors that influence her care across care settings. Part II follows the journey of a clinician working to improve care delivery using “systems solutions” from fields such as quality improvement, design thinking, change management, and implementation science. Together, the book provides foundational and actionable training in health systems for a wide range of clinical and non-clinical team members and leaders in health care. Readers will not only understand how our health care system works; they will be equipped to improve it.