The use of high-temperature materials in current and future applications, including silicone materials for handling hot foods and metal alloys for developing high-speed aircraft and spacecraft systems, has generated a growing interest in high-temperature technologies. High Temperature Materials and Mechanisms explores a broad range of issues related to high-temperature materials and mechanisms that operate in harsh conditions. While some applications involve the use of materials at high temperatures, others require materials processed at high temperatures for use at room temperature. High-temperature materials must also be resistant to related causes of damage, such as oxidation and corrosion, which are accelerated with increased temperatures. This book examines high-temperature materials and mechanisms from many angles. It covers the topics of processes, materials characterization methods, and the nondestructive evaluation and health monitoring of high-temperature materials and structures. It describes the application of high temperature materials to actuators and sensors, sensor design challenges, as well as various high temperature materials and mechanisms applications and challenges. Utilizing the knowledge of experts in the field, the book considers the multidisciplinary nature of high temperature materials and mechanisms, and covers technology related to several areas including energy, space, aerospace, electronics, and metallurgy. Supplies extensive references at the end of each chapter to enhance further study Addresses related science and engineering disciplines Includes information on drills, actuators, sensors and more A comprehensive resource of information consolidated in one book, this text greatly benefits students in materials science, aerospace and mechanical engineering, and physics. It is also an ideal resource for professionals in the industry.

This book is concerned with providing a fundamental basis for understanding the alloy-gas oxidation and corrosion reactions observed in practice and in the laboratory. Starting with a review of the enabling thermodynamic and kinetic theory, it analyzes reacting systems of increasing complexity. It considers in turn corrosion of a pure metal by a single oxidant and by multi-oxidant gases, followed by corrosion of alloys producing a single oxide then multiple reaction products. The concept of "diffusion paths is used in describing the distribution of products in reacting systems, and diffusion data is used to predict reaction rates whenever possible. - Provides a logical and expert treatment of the subject for use as a guide for advanced-level academics, researchers and practitioners - Text is well supported by numerous micrographs, phase diagrams and tabulations of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic data - Combines physical chemistry and materials science methodologies

George Lai's 1990 book, High-Temperature Corrosion of Engineering Alloys, is recognized as authoritative and is frequently consulted and often cited by those in the industry. His new book, almost double in size with seven more chapters, addresses the new concerns, new technologies, and new materials available for those engaged in high-temperature applications. As we strive for energy efficiency, the realm of high-temperature environments is expanding and the need for information on high temperature materials applications was never greater. In addition to extensive expansion on most of the content of the original book, new topics include erosion and erosion-corrosion, low NOx combustion in coal-fired boilers, fluidized bed combustion, and the special demands of waste-to-energy boilers, waste incinerators, and black liquor recovery boilers in the pulp and paper industry. The corrosion induced by liquid metals is discussed and protection options are presented.

This volume organizes information by alloy so that pertinent data can be found easily. Physical and mechanical properties from room temperature to temperatures in excess of 100 C are shown graphically or in tabular form. All data is thoroughly referenced. Now high-temperature property data can be found in one complete reference! Over 200 alloys are organized by AISI number into 11 major sections: Irons, Carbon Steels, Alloy Steels, ASTM Steels, Low Alloy Constructional Steels, Ultra High Strength Steels, Tool Steels, Maraging Steels, Wrought Stainless Steels, Heat Resistant Casting Alloys, and Wrought Iron-Nickel Alloys and Iron-Nickel Superalloys. Each alloy record lists the designation, specifications, UNS number composition product forms and a comment on the high-temperature properties and applications. Data is then given for physical properties such as density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, electrical conductivity. Poisons ratio, moduli of elasticity and rigidity, etc. Mechanical properties follow, and include tensile properties, shearing and bearing properties, impact properties, creep, stress rupture and stress relaxation, and fatigue properties.The last part of the alloy record gives other effects of temperature, such as hot hardness, corrosion, and growth.

Metals and alloys rely for their application at high temperature on the formation and retention of oxide scales, which act as a barrier between the metallic substrate and the reactive species in the environment such as 0, S, N, C, Cl, etc. This protection concept requires that the oxide grows slowly, develops a dense, uniform layer, is well adherent, has sufficient ductility to accom modate plastic deformation of the substrate and is resistant to thermal cycling. For many years it has been known that small concentrations of certain "active elements" such as Y and the rare earths, as well as carbon and sulphur, can exercise a significant influence upon the oxidation! corrosion behaviour of high temperature metals and alloys. An increasing number of experimental studies on this topic have been published recently. However no generally accepted understanding with regard to the detailed mechanisms and the way in which alloy composition and structure, temperature and environmental conditions, etc., are interacting has yet been achieved, although many - often controversial - theories and ideas have been presented. It therefore seemed to be an appropriate time to bring together a group of experts to review and evaluate the current state-of-the-art and to discuss various aspects of this important topic.

The purpose of this book is to provide engineers with extensive up-to-date high-temperature corrosion data pertinent to real industrial problems. The focus is on commercial alloys and deals with oxidation; carburization and metal dusting; nitridation; halogen corrosion; sulfidation; ash/salt deposit corrosion; molten salt corrosion; molten metal corrosion.

High temperature corrosion is a phenomenon that occurs in components that operate at very high temperatures, such as gas turbines, jet engines and industrial plants. Engineers are constantly striving to understand and prevent this type of corrosion. This book examines the latest developments in the understanding of high temperature corrosion processes and protective oxide scales and coatings.Part one looks at high temperature corrosion. Chapters cover diffusion and solid state reactions, external and internal oxidation of alloys, metal dusting corrosion, tribological degradation, hot corrosion, and oxide scales on hot-rolled steel strips. Modern techniques for analysing high temperature oxidation and corrosion are also discussed. Part two discusses methods of protection using ceramics, composites, protective oxide scales and coatings. Chapters focus on layered ternary ceramics, alumina scales, Ti-Al intermetallic compounds, metal matrix composites, chemical vapour deposited silicon carbide, nanocrystalline coatings and thermal barrier coatings. Part three provides case studies illustrating some of the challenges of high temperature corrosion to industry and how they can be overcome. Case studies include the petrochemical industry, modern incinerators and oxidation processing of electronic materials.This book is a valuable reference tool for engineers who develop heat resistant materials, mechanical engineers who design and maintain high temperature equipment and plant, and research scientists and students who study high temperature corrosion and protection of materials. - Describes the latest developments in understanding high temperature corrosion - Presents the latest research by the leading innovators from around the globe - Case studies are provided to illustrate key points

High Temperature Coatings, Second Edition, demonstrates how to counteract the thermal effects of rapid corrosion and degradation of exposed materials and equipment that can occur under high operating temperatures. This is the first true practical guide on the use of thermally protective coatings for high-temperature applications, including the latest developments in materials used for protective coatings. It covers the make-up and behavior of such materials under thermal stress and the methods used for applying them to specific types of substrates, as well as invaluable advice on inspection and repair of existing thermal coatings. With his long experience in the aerospace gas turbine industry, the author has compiled the very latest in coating materials and coating technologies, as well as hard-to-find guidance on maintaining and repairing thermal coatings, including appropriate inspection protocols. The book is supplemented with the latest reference information and additional support to help readers find more application- and industry-type coatings specifications and uses. - Offers an overview of the underlying fundamental concepts of thermally-protective coatings, including thermodynamics, energy kinetics, crystallography and equilibrium phases - Covers essential chemistry and physics of underlying substrates, including steels, nickel-iron alloys, nickel-cobalt alloys and titanium alloys - Provides detailed guidance on a wide variety of coating types, including those used against high temperature corrosion and oxidative degradation and thermal barrier coatings

High-Entropy Alloys, Second Edition provides a complete review of the current state of the field of high entropy alloys (HEA). Building upon the first edition, this fully updated release includes new theoretical understandings of these materials, highlighting recent developments on modeling and new classes of HEAs, such as Eutectic HEAs and Dual phase HEAs. Due to their unique properties, high entropy alloys have attracted considerable attention from both academics and technologists. This book presents the fundamental knowledge, the spectrum of various alloy systems and their characteristics, key focus areas, and the future scope of the field in terms of research and technological applications. - Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive understanding on the current status of HEAs in terms of theoretical understanding and modeling efforts - Gives a complete idea on alloy design criteria of various classes of HEAs developed so far - Discusses the microstructure property correlations in HEAs in terms of structural and functional properties - Presents a comparison of HEAs with other multicomponent systems, like intermetallics and bulk metallic glasses