Community where money could buy just about anything. Prisoners included middle-class vacationers, international businessmen, and young Americans touring the world. Laufer explores the cultural misunderstandings that land Americans in jail. A woman accepts a curio in Turkey to get rid of a street seller and is arrested for smuggling antiquities. A businesswoman in Nigeria finds her dealings have been made illegal retroactively, and she faces a death sentence. Two young.

When the tough-on-crime politics of the 1980s overcrowded state prisons, private companies saw potential profit in building and operating correctional facilities. Today more than a hundred thousand of the 1.5 million incarcerated Americans are held in private prisons in twenty-nine states and federal corrections. Private prisons are criticized for making money off mass incarceration—to the tune of $5 billion in annual revenue. Based on Lauren-Brooke Eisen’s work as a prosecutor, journalist, and attorney at policy think tanks, Inside Private Prisons blends investigative reportage and quantitative and historical research to analyze privatized corrections in America. From divestment campaigns to boardrooms to private immigration-detention centers across the Southwest, Eisen examines private prisons through the eyes of inmates, their families, correctional staff, policymakers, activists, Immigration and Customs Enforcement employees, undocumented immigrants, and the executives of America’s largest private prison corporations. Private prisons have become ground zero in the anti-mass-incarceration movement. Universities have divested from these companies, political candidates hesitate to accept their campaign donations, and the Department of Justice tried to phase out its contracts with them. On the other side, impoverished rural towns often try to lure the for-profit prison industry to build facilities and create new jobs. Neither an endorsement or a demonization, Inside Private Prisons details the complicated and perverse incentives rooted in the industry, from mandatory bed occupancy to vested interests in mass incarceration. If private prisons are here to stay, how can we fix them? This book is a blueprint for policymakers to reform practices and for concerned citizens to understand our changing carceral landscape.

Over the last few decades, the prison populations in European countries have grown and their profiles have changed. There are more than 100,000 foreign prisoners in European countries. Their numbers vary greatly from country to country, but the average percentage of foreigners in the total European prison population is over 20%. Why are foreigners over-represented in European prison populations? Who are they and on what grounds are they held in detention? Are foreign prisoners more vulnerable due to language difficulties, cultural differences, and their distance from relatives? Are they being socially excluded? Is their treatment and legal position different from other prisoners? And, how are national prison systems and other authorities addressing this issue? Funded by the European Commission, this extensive study - developed within the framework of the EU program "Social Exclusion" - offers an answer to the questions stated above. With this, a distinction is made between foreigners who are detained for committing a crime - or are suspected of one - and foreigners whose deprivation of liberty is based on migration law. Originally published as a two volume set in 2007, this comprehensive single volume reprint contains country reports of twenty-five EU Member States, as well as six reports of organizations which contributed to the research. The first chapter presents a comparative overview with conclusions and recommendations. At the end, a detailed bibliography will be given which includes relevant websites and legal documents.

Most ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without a problem. However, both ingested and inserted foreign bodies may cause bowel obstruction or perforation or lead to severe hemorrhage, abscess formation, or septicemia. Foreign body aspiration is common in children, especially those under 3 years of age, and in these cases chest radiography and CT are the main imaging modalities. This textbook provides a thorough overview of the critical role of diagnostic imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected foreign body ingestion, aspiration, or insertion. A wide range of scenarios are covered, from the common problem of foreign body ingestion or aspiration in children and mentally handicapped adults through to drug smuggling by body packing and gunshot wounds. Guidance is offered on diagnostic protocols, and the value of different imaging modalities in different situations is explained. Helpful management tips are also provided. This textbook will prove invaluable for residents in radiology, radiologists, and physicians who are involved on a daily basis, within an emergency department, in the management of patients with suspected ingestion, aspiration, or insertion of foreign bodies.​

Foreign National Prisoners: Law and Practice will be up to date to include:A* The automatic deportation provisions of the UK Borders Act 2007;A* Special immigration status and the new early removal provisions of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008;A* The latest developments in relation to international prisoner transfer agreements.

Is there really an over-representation of foreign citizens in European prisons? Is the presence of foreign inmates comparable across regions and countries of Europe? How can one explain the differences in the trends shown by the absolute numbers and the percentages of foreign inmates from 2005 to 2015? Do foreign citizens have less access than nationals to alternatives to imprisonment? Do the data available allow researchers to establish whether the growth in the use of community sanctions and measures since the 1990s plays a role in the fluctuations observed in the percentage of foreign inmates? The answers to these and many other questions can be found in this book, which compiles and updates a series of specific indicators collected over 11 years through the Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics (better known as the SPACE statistics), and accompanies the two volumes on prisons in Europe 2005-2015 in this collection. This volume includes maps and tables illustrating the state of prison (2005-2015) and probation agencies (2009-2015). In addition, the situation is analysed through individual country profiles, which include key facts and graphs covering the years 2005-2015.