Modula-2 is a simple yet powerful programming language that is suitable for a wide variety of applications. It is based on Pascal, a successful programming language that was introduced in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth. During the 1970's Pascal became the most widely taught programming language and it gained acceptance in science and industry. In 1980 Dr. Wirth released the Modula-2 program ming language. Modula-2 is an evolution of Pascal. It improves on the successes of Pascal while adding the MODULE - a tool for ex pressing the relations between the major parts of programs. In ad dition Modula-2 contains low-level features for systems program ming and coroutines for concurrent programming. Programming languages are important because they are used to express ideas. Some programming languages are so limited that certain ideas can't be easily expressed. For example languages that lac k floating point arithmetic are inappropriate for scientific com putations. Languages such as Basic and Fortran that lack recur sion are unsuitable for text processing or systems programming. Sometimes a programming language is useable for a certain appli cation but it is far from ideal. A good example is the difficulty of writing large programs in pure Pascal. Pascal is a poor language for large jobs because it lacks facilities for partitioning a program viii Preface 6

Software presented in the book contain a number of useful and effective receptions of procedural and functional programming in the Mathematica that extend the system software and allow sometimes more efficiently and easily to program the projects for various purposes. The presented tools are of interest not only as independent tools, but also contain a number of the receptions useful in practical programming in the Mathematica software, having a rather essential training character. The above software rather essentially dilates the Mathematica functionality and can be useful enough for programming of many appendices. Moreover, the MathToolBox package containing more 940 tools of various purposes with freeware license is attached to the book. The given book is oriented on a wide enough circle of the users of computer mathematics systems, researchers, teachers and students of universities for courses of computer science, mathematics, physics and many other natural disciplines.

Programming as an engineering discipline -- Basics -- Data structures and algorithms -- True object-oriented programming -- Object-oriented programming -- Databases -- Graphical user interfaces -- COBOL to OOP in practice.

The book consists of two parts. The first part consists of seven chapters and presents a new software for package Maple of releases 6-10. The tools represented in this chapters increase the range and efficiency of use of Maple on Windows platform. The basic attention is devoted to additional tools created in the process of practical use and testing the Maple of releases 4 - 10 which by some parameters extend essentially the opportunities of the package and facilitate the work with it.Whereas the algorithms of physical and engineering problems of the second part mainly use the finite element method (FEM). The part consists of eight chapters and solves in Maple environment the physical and engineering problems from such fields as: thermal conductivity, mechanics of deformable bodies, theory of elasticity, hydrodynamics, hydromechanics, etc. At last, application of Maple for solution of optimization problems is presented.

CONCRETE ABSTRACTIONS offers students a hands-on, abstraction-based experience of thinking like a computer scientist. This text covers the basics of programming and data structures, and gives first-time computer science students the opportunity to not only write programs, but to prove theorems and analyze algorithms as well. Students learn a variety of programming styles, including functional programming, assembly-language programming, and object-oriented programming (OOP). While most of the book uses the Scheme programming language, Java is introduced at the end as a second example of an OOP system and to demonstrate concepts of concurrent programming.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Experimental and Efficient Algorithms, WEA 2004, held in Angra dos Reis, Brazil in May 2004. The 40 revised full papers presented together with abstracts of two invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The book is devoted to the areas of design, analysis, and experimental evaluation of algorithms. Among the topics covered are scheduling, heuristics, combinatorial optimization, evolutionary optimization, graph computations, labeling, robot navigation, shortest path algorithms, flow problems, searching, randomization and derandomization, string matching, graph coloring, networking, error detecting codes, timetabling, sorting, energy minimization, etc.

The Finite Element Method in Engineering, Sixth Edition, provides a thorough grounding in the mathematical principles behind the Finite Element Analysis technique—an analytical engineering tool originated in the 1960's by the aerospace and nuclear power industries to find usable, approximate solutions to problems with many complex variables. Rao shows how to set up finite element solutions in civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering applications. The new edition features updated real-world examples from MATLAB, Ansys and Abaqus, and a new chapter on additional FEM topics including extended FEM (X-FEM). Professional engineers will benefit from the introduction to the many useful applications of finite element analysis. - Includes revised and updated chapters on MATLAB, Ansys and Abaqus - Offers a new chapter, Additional Topics in Finite Element Method - Includes discussion of practical considerations, errors and pitfalls in FEM singularity elements - Features a brief presentation of recent developments in FEM including extended FEM (X-FEM), augmented FEM (A-FEM) and partition of unity FEM (POUFEM) - Features improved pedagogy, including the addition of more design-oriented and practical examples and problems - Covers real-life applications, sample review questions at the end of most chapters, and updated references

This book is unique in that its stress is not on the mastery of a programming language, but on the importance and value of interactive problem solving. The authors focus on several specific interest worlds: mathematics, computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and games; however, their approach can serve as a model that may be applied easily to other fields as well. Those who are interested in symbolic computing will find that Interactive Problem Solving Using LOGO provides a gentle introduction from which one may move on to other, more advanced computational frameworks or more formal analysis. What is of primary importance, however, is the text's ability -- through its presentation of rich, open-ended problems -- to effectively cultivate crucial cognitive skills.