Engström-Finean Biological Ultrastructure, Second Edition, looks upon biological phenomena essentially as patterns of physical and chemical events organized in space and time. It attempts to describe the spatial aspects of this organization, emphasizing in particular the fundamental roles of individual types of molecules. It also introduces a minimum background of fundamental structural information and of techniques so as to aid in the appreciation of the significance of experimental data. The plan of the book in the present edition remains unchanged but the tremendous advances of recent years have necessitated changes in emphasis in the treatment of methods and fundamentals of structure and a complete reappraisal of biological ultrastructure. Key topics discussed include methods in ultrastructural research, the principles of molecular structure; the role of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, mineral salts; and the role of ultrastructure in biology and medicine.

Biological Ultrastructure focuses on the ultrastructure of biological systems, including microscopy and the roles of amino acids, lipoproteins, and carbohydrates. The manuscript first offers information on the methods in ultrastructural research and the principles of molecular structure. Topics include application of electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, electronic theory of valency, spatial arrangement, and aggregation of molecules and interaction with water. The book then examines the role of proteins and lipids, including amino acids, polypeptide chains, natural lipoproteins, and structure and properties of isolated lipid molecules. The publication underscores the role of carbohydrates and nucleic acids, as well as monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, structure of nucleic acids, viruses, and cell nucleus chromosomes and genes. The text also takes a look at the role of ultrastructure in biology and medicine and the role of mineral salts. The manuscript is a valuable source of data for readers interested in biological ultrastructure.

The Ultrastructure of the Animal Cell examines the ultrastructure of the animal cell, with emphasis on the chemical, biochemical, and physiological aspects of the cell. Discussions are organized around the interphase cell and cell division and cover topics ranging from the general structure and molecular models of cell membranes to the ultrastructure of the nucleus and the cytosome. Changes in cell ultrastructure during embryogenesis, differentiation, and secretion are also considered. This monograph is divided into nine chapters and opens with an introduction to the principles and techniques of electron microscopy. The next section is about the interphase cell and first presents an overview of the animal cell before proceeding with an analysis of the ultrastructure of the nucleus and the cytosome, paying particular attention to the plasma membrane and associated structures; the hyaloplasm; endoplasmic reticulum; the Golgi complex; and mitochondria. The changes that occur in the ultrastructure of the cell during embryogenesis, differentiation, and secretion are also described. The last section focuses on cell division and the ultrastructure of the dividing cell. This text will be a useful resource for cell biologists, biochemists, and physiologists, as well as students and teachers of biology, biochemistry, and physiology.

Submicroscopic Cytochemistry, Volume II: Membranes, Mitochondria, and Connective Tissues presents laboratory findings and theoretical aspects of the cytochemistry of cellular membranes, mitochondria, and connective tissues. Emphasis is on the molecular and macromolecular organization of cellular membranes, along with the origin and distribution of the major macromolecular aggregates of connective tissue. This volume consists of 11 chapters and begins by discussing the results of cytochemical studies on lipid and protein components of membranes in acinar and hepatic cells of the murine pancreas. The following chapters focus on densitometric studies of lipid membranes in pancreatic acinar cells of the mouse; the distribution of lipids and proteins in mitochondria of hepatic and exocrine pancreatic cells of adult mice, and of nucleic acids in mitochondria of embryonic cells; and possible precursor granules in fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. The distribution of DNA and of soluble and insoluble RNAs in chondrocytes of the epiphyseal plate of the rat tibia is also examined, along with vascularity in tendons of young rats. This monograph will be of interest to cytochemists, biochemists, and molecular biologists.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Biopolymers deals with the methods of physical characterization and the principles underlying them, with emphasis on quantitative aspects of sequence, conformation, and structure in both laboratory-synthesized and native biopolymers. The book reviews structural units of biopolymers and describes characterization of biopolymers, the available techniques, the evaluation of underlying principles, and experimental applications. Some of these methods include Raman spectroscopy, theoretical conformation analysis, electron microscopy, and morphology of laboratory-synthesized polymers. The text explains the factors controlling conformation of polypeptides, the steric maps of dipeptides, potential energy maps, and the calculation of tertiary polypeptide structure. The investigator can use X-ray diffraction to determine the structure of polymers and macromolecules, such as diffraction by a crystal, by poorly crystalline polymer systems, or by a helical chain. The book notes that materials that can be crystallized from strong solvents reveal morphology similar to that of commercial polymers, which are different from that of polypeptides or proteins in native tissue. The text explains the basis of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in probing molecular structure and conformation of biological macromolecules. The investigator can also employ nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric relaxation for conformation in physical organic chemistry, outside of biological macromolecule applications. The book can prove helpful for researchers in ultra-trace analysis, polymer research, and analytical chemistry.