Since Pasteur in 1846, scientists have been aware that many drugs are photoreactive, but until recently research in this area had been somewhat limited. However, since the introduction of acutely sensitive analytical methods, the realisation of the need to identify the photochemical properties of a potential drug as early in its development as possible and the increased attention to the phototoxic effect of drugs, more details are becoming available. Drugs: Photochemistry and Photostability presents the basic elements of the science, and serves as an excellent introduction to this emerging field of photochemistry. Detailed experimental conditions for photostability studies are given, along with a discussion of the recently implemented ICH Guidelines for drug photostability. With contributions from international experts in the field and including a comprehensive literature review, this book provides all the up-to-date information needed by researchers in many fields, especially medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Providing the guidance needed for formulation, handling, and quality control of photolabile drugs, Photostability of Drugs and Drug Formulations, Second Edition explores the significance of new information on drug photoreactivity in a pharmaceutical context. Completely revised and updated, with chapter authors drawn from an international panel of experts, the book supplies the background necessary for planning standardized photochemical stability studies as a part of drug development and formulation work. It contains comprehensive coverage of the physical and chemical aspects of drug photoreactivity, formulation, stability testing, and drug design/discovery in one resource. The contents have been reorganized to focus on the standardization of photostability testing of drug substances and products, in vitro photoreactivity screening of drugs, and various aspects of the formulation of photoreactive substances. The information on in vitro screening of drug photoreactivity is of great relevance for scientists who are developing and validating a set of testing protocols to address photosafety. Discussing kinetic and chemical aspects of drug photodecomposition as well as the practical problems frequently encountered in photochemical stability testing, this book helps you design a test protocol and interpret the results. Features Assists non-experts in this field design a test protocol and interpret the results Covers in vitro and in vivo aspects of interactions between drugs and light Explores the kinetic and chemical aspects of drug photodecomposition Discusses the problems frequently encountered in photochemical stability testing Provides guidance on how to address photosafety assessments and labeling requirements of potentially photoreactive drugs Highlights the practical implications of drug photodecomposition from a pharmaceutical viewpoint Offers specific guidance in photostability testing and screening of drug photoreactivity

Based on a training course developed by Dr. Joseph T. Piechocki and other experts in this field whose contributions appear in this book for two International Meetings on the Photostability of Drugs and Drug Products, this text clarifies the guidelines set by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and provides a comprehensive background

This title includes research from experts in organic chemistry & many other disciplines. There are sections on new terminology, the usefulness of particular reactions & experimental details.

An important resource that puts the focus on understanding and handling of organic crystals in drug development Since a majority of pharmaceutical solid-state materials are organic crystals, their handling and processing are critical aspects of drug development. Pharmaceutical Crystals: Science and Engineering offers an introduction to and thorough coverage of organic crystals, and explores the essential role they play in drug development and manufacturing. Written contributions from leading researchers and practitioners in the field, this vital resource provides the fundamental knowledge and explains the connection between pharmaceutically relevant properties and the structure of a crystal. Comprehensive in scope, the text covers a range of topics including: crystallization, molecular interactions, polymorphism, analytical methods, processing, and chemical stability. The authors clearly show how to find solutions for pharmaceutical form selection and crystallization processes. Designed to be an accessible guide, this book represents a valuable resource for improving the drug development process of small drug molecules. This important text: Includes the most important aspects of solid-state organic chemistry and its role in drug development Offers solutions for pharmaceutical form selection and crystallization processes Contains a balance between the scientific fundamental and pharmaceutical applications Presents coverage of crystallography, molecular interactions, polymorphism, analytical methods, processing, and chemical stability Written for both practicing pharmaceutical scientists, engineers, and senior undergraduate and graduate students studying pharmaceutical solid-state materials, Pharmaceutical Crystals: Science and Engineering is a reference and textbook for understanding, producing, analyzing, and designing organic crystals which is an imperative skill to master for anyone working in the field.

This anthological description of the history and applications of photochemistry provides photochemistry practitioners with complementary information about the field, currently not covered in existing textbooks and handbooks. The first part focuses on the historical development of the field, including light-matter interaction, the discovery of photochemical reactions and the development of modern photochemical mechanisms. This section provides useful background to the second part which outlines applications of photochemistry in the present day, such as in synthesis, green chemistry, diagnostics, medicine and nanotechnology. Furthermore, the author provides an outlook on promising areas for future developments. The broad scope of “Photochemistry: Past, Present and Future” is also of interest to the wider chemical audience and it makes a pleasant read while not compromising on scientific rigor.

Examining the implications and practical implementation of multi-disciplinary International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) topics, this book gives an integrated view of how the guidelines inform drug development strategic planning and decision-making. • Addresses a consistent need for interpretation, training, and implementation examples of ICH guidelines via case studies • Offers a primary reference point for practitioners addressing the dual challenge of interpretation and practical implementation of ICH guidelines • Uses case studies to help readers understand and apply ICH guidelines • Provides valuable insights into guidelines development, with chapters by authors involved in generating or with experience implementing the guidelines • Includes coverage of stability testing, analytical method validation, impurities, biotechnology drugs and products, and good manufacturing practice (GMP)

Unique in its focus on preparative impact rather than mechanistic details, this handbook provides an overview of photochemical reactions classed according to the structural feature that is built in the photochemical step, so as to facilitate use by synthetic chemists unfamiliar with this topic. An introductory section covers practical questions on how to run a photochemical reaction, while all classes of the most important photocatalytic reactions are also included. Perfect for organic synthetic chemists in academia and industry.

To provide a concise introductory overview of the various light-induced processes in physics, chemistry, biology, as well as in medicine and industry.

Drug products are complex mixtures of drugs and excipients and, as such, their chemical and physical stability kinetics are complex. This book discusses the stability of these dosage forms with preformulation studies through to the studies on the final products. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers and professionals in the field of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry.