This first work in the new Oxford Monographs in International Law Series to be edited by Ian Brownlie, QC, FBA, is a study of juridical bays. In 1958, against a backdrop of increasing international tensions regarding rights to and control of waters enclosed by coastal indentations, the world community, in a historic compromise reached under United Nations auspices, adopted Article 7 of the Geneva Convention "On the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone". Recognizing the need to balance the self-protective interests of coastal states and the international interests of a harmonious world community, the signatories to Article 7 decided, in effect, that once the water enclosed within a coastal indentation met the requirements set out under Article 7, an irrebutable presumption had been raised that the claimant state owned these waters as a matter of right against all other states. Well-drafted and remarkably unambiguous, Article 7 should have resolved the issue of unreasonably expansive bay claims forever, but, in fact, it did not. Disputes continued to arise. In the twenty years since its adoption, despite continuing national and international disputes, Article 7 has not received the analysis necessary to help it become a more reliable basis for conflict resolution in cases involving complex coastal configurations. This study, the first major examination of Article 7, interprets both its text and context and more importantly, offers solutions to some of the problems that continue to make the question of coastal bay-type waters sources of national and international conflict.

Part I of this work focuses on the ways in which digitization projects can affect fundamental justice principles. It examines claims that technology will improve justice system efficiency and offers a model for evaluating e-justice systems that incorporates a broader range of justice system values. The emphasis is on the complicated relationship between privacy and transparency in making court records and decisions available online. Part II examines the implementation of technologies in the justice system and the challenges it comes with, focusing on four different technologies: online court information systems, e-filing, videoconferencing, and tablets for presentation and review of evidence by jurors. The authors share a measuring enthusiasm for technological advances in the courts, emphasizing that these technologies should be implemented with care to ensure the best possible outcome for access to a fair and effective justice system. Finally, Part III adopts the standpoints of sociology, political theory and legal theory to explore the complex web of values, norms, and practices that support our systems of justice, the reasons for their well-established resistance to change, and the avenues and prospects of eAccess. The chapters in this section provide a unique and valuable framework for thinking with the required sophistication about legal change.

This collection of papers seeks to bridge the divide between English and French Canada by bringing to light the distinctive viewpoints of those two sides regarding historical events. It chronicles 34 events that have marked political relations between the two linguistic communities from the arrival of the British in 1759 through to the 1995 Quebec referendum. Each event is summarized from the viewpoint of both Anglophones and Francophones. Chapter 1 covers early events including the British conquest, the 1830s rebellions, Confederation, and the hanging of Louis Riel. Chapter 2 covers the making of the welfare state, including unemployment insurance, tax rental agreements, pension plans, and health insurance. Chapter 3 covers Canadian identity events such as creation of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, adoption of a new flag, and bilingualism & multiculturalism policies. Chapter 4 covers events in Quebec since the Quiet Revolution, including the DeGaulle visit in 1967, the October 1970 crisis, Quebec language laws, and the 1982 patriation of the Constitution. Chapter 5 covers economic debates, including the Churchill Falls power contract and the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement. The final chapter is entitled "Failed reconciliation" and includes papers on the Meech Lake Accord, the 1990 crisis at Oka, and the Charlottetown accord of 1992. Includes index.