Drawing on key international reports and input from leading healthcare practitioners and educators worldwide, this ground-breaking book closely examines the real issues facing medicine and medical education. With a wide-ranging, evidence-based approach, the author identifies key drivers of change in both the developing and developed world.He examin

The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system. At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year. Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles-including limits on nurses' scope of practice-should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care. In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.

GEOFF NORMAN McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada CEES VAN DER VLEUTEN University of Maastricht, Netherlands DA VID NEWBLE University of Sheffield, England The International Handbook of Research in Medical Education is a review of current research findings and contemporary issues in health sciences education. The orientation is toward research evidence as a basis for informing policy and practice in education. Although most of the research findings have accrued from the study of medical education, the handbook will be useful to teachers and researchers in all health professions and others concerned with professional education. The handbook comprises 33 chapters organized into six sections: Research Traditions, Learning, The Educational Continuum, Instructional Strategies, Assessment, and Implementing the Curriculum. The research orientation of the handbook will make the book an invaluable resource to researchers and scholars, and should help practitioners to identify research to place their educational decisions on a sound empirical footing. THE FIELD OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL EDUCAnON The discipline of medical education began in North America more than thirty years ago with the founding of the first office in medical education at Buffalo, New York, by George Miller in the early 1960s. Soon after, large offices were established in medical schools in Chicago (University of Illinois), Los Angeles (University of Southern California) and Lansing (Michigan State University). All these first generation offices mounted master's level programs in medical education, and many of their graduates went on to found offices at other schools.

The Institute of Medicine study Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001) recommended that an interdisciplinary summit be held to further reform of health professions education in order to enhance quality and patient safety. Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality is the follow up to that summit, held in June 2002, where 150 participants across disciplines and occupations developed ideas about how to integrate a core set of competencies into health professions education. These core competencies include patient-centered care, interdisciplinary teams, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and informatics. This book recommends a mix of approaches to health education improvement, including those related to oversight processes, the training environment, research, public reporting, and leadership. Educators, administrators, and health professionals can use this book to help achieve an approach to education that better prepares clinicians to meet both the needs of patients and the requirements of a changing health care system.

Draws together a wide variety of perspectives on the key changes that have shaped and continue to shape medical education curricula, practitioners and students.

The Handbook of the Sociology of Medical Education provides a contemporary introduction to this classic area of sociology, by examining the social origin and implications of the epistemological, organisational and demographic challenges facing medical education at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Leading sociologists explore topics such as gender, ethnicity, disability, and evidence-based medicine in the context of current international debates over medical curricula.

In recent decades, medicine and health education has been challenged worldwide by changes in its profession. Being a doctor nowadays encompasses much more than having biomedical knowledge and includes interdisciplinary skills related to societal needs, communication skills, and ethical consideration, among other things. In order to provide these skills and competences, many medical schools are implementing changes in different aspects of the education. These changes are also occurring in China. In the past twenty years, medical education in China has initiated a series of reforms. The current reforms have mainly been led by the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health. These initial actions have evidenced both positive and negative attitudes and reactions. Is there a need to make further reforms and changes? If so, in what aspects? This book documents a national investigation of attitudes from teaching staff on the reforms and changes. Nearly 1800 teaching staff from 23 medical universities participated in this investigation. The results suggest that sustainable educational change demands not only supports from policy-makers and leaderships, but also active participation from teaching staff. In order for the implementation of reforms and changes to be successful, two factors are essential from the teaching staff’s perspective. First, it is important for teaching staff to gain a deep understanding of educational reform and change, and second, they should develop appropriate skills to be able to conduct the reforms through their teaching practice. To provide these two factors, institutional facilitation is necessary and crucial.