With examples drawn from legal writing and student papers, this guide walks students through the writing process and helps them refine their skills in exercises throughout the book. The Second Edition features a reorganized Part I, including three new chapters that help students gain proficiency in reading and analyzing legal materials so they can write more effectively. Part II includes a systematic approach to legal writing; understanding your context; getting organized; writing clearly; writing effectively; and reviewing and editing. Part III covers the process of writing a legal memorandum and an appellate court brief. This Second Edition includes two examples of memoranda, An interoffice memo and a memo of points and authority; a streamlined appendix that provides an overview of English sentence structure; and many enhanced writing exercises.

Clear, accessible and practical, this guide introduces the first-time researcher to the various instruments used in social research. It assesses a broad range of research instruments - from the well-established to the innovative - enabling readers to decide which are particularly well suited to their research. The book covers: questionnaires interviews content analysis focus groups observation researching the things people say and do. This book is particularly suitable for work-based and undergraduate researchers in education, social policy and social work, nursing and business administration. It draws numerous examples from actual research projects, which readers can adapt for their own purposes. Written in a fresh and jargon-free style, the book assumes no prior knowledge and is firmly rooted in the authors' own extensive research experience. Using Research Instruments is the ideal companion volume to The Researcher's Toolkit. Together they offer a superb practical introduction to conducting a social research project.

The Routledge Handbook of Literacy Studies offers a comprehensive view of the field of language and literacy studies. With forty-three chapters reflecting new research from leading scholars in the field, the Handbook pushes at the boundaries of existing fields and combines with related fields and disciplines to develop a lens on contemporary scholarship and emergent fields of inquiry. The Handbook is divided into eight sections: • The foundations of literacy studies • Space-focused approaches • Time-focused approaches • Multimodal approaches • Digital approaches • Hermeneutic approaches • Making meaning from the everyday • Co-constructing literacies with communities. This is the first handbook of literacy studies to recognise new trends and evolving trajectories together with a focus on radical epistemologies of literacy. The Routledge Handbook of Literacy Studies is an essential reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students and those researching and working in the areas of applied linguistics and language and literacy.

Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL), introduces Developing a New Course for Adult Learners, edited by Marguerite Ann Snow and Lia Kamhi-Stein. This volume in TESOL’s Language Curriculum Development Series presents the stories of teachers, curriculum developers, and administrators from all over the world who seek to understand adult learners’ needs and respond to them in creative, realistic, and effective ways. All of the contributors to this volume designed a new course for adult learners and faced the many challenges that come with embarking on such an endeavor. In each case, the contributors describe the practical and innovative solutions they formulated in developing a course for adults, whether it was large-scale course development in response to an institutional mandate or a much smaller, individualized course initiated by the contributor. Each chapter is sure to inspire educators who are about to embark on the adventure of creating a new course foradults.

This volume presents a range of views about language, learning, and teaching in English for Specific Purposes (ESP). Its purpose is to go beyond individual cases and practices to examine the approaches and ideas on which they are based. The aim is for readers to adopt an analytical stance toward the field and to identify current perspectives in ESP and the ideas driving them. Ideas and Options in English for Specific Purposes does not promote any one approach, but rather identifies and illustrates those in evidence today. The main emphasis is on the links between theory and ESP teaching and research. Ideas from linguistics, sociolinguistics, education, SLA, and social theories are described. Links are then made between these ideas and ESP course designs, instructional materials, and research projects. Thus the book moves back and forth between descriptions of theories, teaching practice, and research. Part I introduces the book's approach to description of ESP and the framework used to investigate it. Part II examines ideas of language, learning, and teaching in ESP. Recognizing that ESP is taught in many different countries and contexts, the author draws on a wide range of examples of teaching practice and research from around the world and from different branches of ESP, including English for Academic Purposes, English for Professional Purposes, and English for Vocational Purposes. From Chapter 3 onward, each chapter includes Questions for Discussion and Projects, to encourage readers to research and analyze the practices of ESP in their own contexts and to consider the ideas they draw on in their own teaching. This text is geared toward graduate-level TESOL education courses.

This title targets the specific needs of business and management students to ensure that these students get the most relevant and most useful study skills advice possible. The contents of the book cover how to manage your stress, getting the most out of lectures, excelling in exams, develop your writing skills, and much more.

Cover -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Terminology and Abbreviations -- Part One -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Status of Writing in ELT -- 3 What is Writing Like? -- 4 Types of Writing: Institutional and Personal -- 5 Conclusion: Implications for Teaching Writing -- Part Two -- 6 Types of Writing Exercises: False Cues -- 7 Good Cues: Bad Results -- 8 Reporting Past Events: Narrative -- 9 Describing Objects -- 10 Describing People -- 11 Describing Places -- 12 Describing Processes -- 13 Comparing and Recommending -- 14 Questions and Answers -- 15 Dictation and Writing -- 16 Integrating Reading, Speaking, Listening and Writing -- 17 Correcting Written Work -- 18 Summary -- References

The present volume is a collection of papers on Contrastive Pragmatics, involving research on interlanguage and cross-cultural perspectives with a focus on second language acquisition contexts. The subdiscipline of pragmatics is seen from a multilingual and multicultural perspective thus contributing to an emerging field of study, i.e. intercultural pragmatics which can be made fruitful to second language teaching/learning and contrastive analysis. The book is an important contribution to general linguistics, pragmatics, cross-cultural communication, second language acquisition, as well as minority issues in multilingual settings.

Featuring a collection of newly commissioned essays, edited by two leading scholars, this Handbook surveys the key research findings in the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). • Provides a state-of-the-art overview of the origins and evolution, current research, and future directions in ESP • Features newly-commissioned contributions from a global team of leading scholars • Explores the history of ESP and current areas of research, including speaking, reading, writing, technology, and business, legal, and medical English • Considers perspectives on ESP research such as genre, intercultural rhetoric, multimodality, English as a lingua franca and ethnography