Collecting the best of international Beethoven studies, Beethoven Forum promotes and sustains the high level of scholarship inspired by Beethoven's extraordinary works.

In "Deconstructing Periodization," Tia DeNora examines how historical depictions of Beethoven’s work in late eighteenth-century Vienna. K. M. Knittel have tended to impose patterns rather than reveal them. When perceived through modern sociological and ethnographic methods, Beethoven's early career is neither as neat nor as evolutionary as often supposed. K. M. Knittel also looks critically at traditional assumptions in "Imitation, Individuality, and Illness: Behind Beethoven's Three Styles." Two of Beethoven's most beloved piano sonatas are placed in wider cultural contexts by Janet Schmalfeldt and Thomas Sipe. Schmalfeldt examines "Form as the Process of Becoming: The Beethoven-Hegelian Tradition and the 'Tempest' Sonata: and Sipe considers the critical reception of op. 57 in "Beethoven, Shakespeare, and the 'Appassionata'." Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony is his most famous, sometimes, it seems, too famous to be heard afresh. But Richard Taruskin identifies a potential borrowing in "Something New about the Fifth." And, drawing on Beethoven's sketches, Alain Frogley demonstrates subtle connections between rhythmic patterns and tonal plan in" Beethoven's Struggle for Simplicity in the Sketches for the Third Movement of the Sixth Symphony." In "Florestan Reading Fidelio," Christopher Reynolds clarifies how Romantic composers trod the narrow path between emulating great composers and expressing themselves originally. Reynolds looks at Brahms and Wagner, among others, with special attention to Schumann's studies of Fidelio. In "Beethoven with or without Kunstgepräng': Metrical Ambiguity Reconsidered," . William Rothstein contributes a precise analysis of one of Beethoven’s complex compositional techniques.

Glenn Stanley opens Beethoven Forum 6 with a consideration of the “piano sonata culture” of the late eighteenth century and how Beethoven’s sonatas influenced this culture. Lawrence Kramer explores the "Tempest" sonata and the way it exemplifies "one of the leading intellectual projects of the Enlightenment, the project of speculative anthropology or 'universal history.'" Elaine R. Sisman examines the "lyrical," "small-scale" sonatas of Beethoven’s middle period in relation to his renewed preoccupation with the idea of "fantasia." Nicholas Marston concludes the volume’s consideration of the piano sonatas with a study of the development of a musical idea in the "Hammerklavier" sonata. Birgit Lodes examines the relationship between the human and the divine as they are represented in the Gloria of Beethoven’s great mass, the Missa solemnis. In a second article on this late masterpiece, Norbert Gertsch describes a subscription copy of the Missa solemnis—a copy that Beethoven had corrected—and its significance for a future scholarly edition of the work. Maynard Solomon offers a commentary, transcription, and translation of a papal document concerning the marriage of Beethoven’s great-uncle Cornelius. In a review article, Nicholas Marston discusses the recent edition of the Landsberg 5 sketchbook and future prospects for sketchbook editions. Robert Levin concludes the volume with a review of Performing Beethoven, edited by Robin Stowell.

This inaugural volume of Beethoven Forum presents the work of ten leading scholars who focus on an array of matters that clearly illustrate the vitality of current thought on Beethoven. Scott Burnham leads off the collection with a discussion of the reception of Beethoven's Third Symphony, the Eroica, a composition that continues to spur new interpretations. In succeeding chapters James Webster analyzes the formal sophistication of Beethoven's most influential and idiosyncratic creation, the last movement of his Ninth Symphony; Roger Kamien and William Kinderman examine piano sonatas; David Smyth and Richard Kramer investigate string quartets; Robert Freeman discusses his discovery of previously unknown cadenzas for Beethoven's piano concertos; Theodore Albrecht relates Beethoven's reading of Shakespeare to Beethoven's own life, and both to the "Tempest" Sonata; and Nicholas Marston uses Barry Cooper's recent work on Beethoven as the basis for a consideration of value of sketch studies. In an especially innovating article Julia Moore discusses the economic forces that shaped Beethoven's career. An annual series, Beethoven Forum will serve as an international venue for articles, notes, queries, critical exchanges, and reviews.

The Music Forum

"A brilliant and unfailingly provocative reading of Beethoven's music. Rumph challenges and refines our views of the subject, reinterpreting overly familiar music in striking new ways. Wonderful critical and interpretive observations abound; the author writes with great imagination and flair."—Scott Burnham, author of Beethoven Hero "Rumph shows at last the extent to which Beethoven's late period, the period of his most spiritual and 'inward' music, was a response to political change. In effect his book is an extended retort to E. T. A. Hoffmann's two-centuries-old claim that Beethoven's kingdom was not of this world—and it's about time! Rumph's argument will be resisted by Hoffmann's many heirs; but it is most compelling, not least because it answers so many long-standing questions about 'the music itself' and clears up so many misconceptions about the nature of musical romanticism."—Richard Taruskin, Class of 1955 Professor of Music, University of California, Berkeley

Our image of Beethoven has been transformed by the research generated by a succession of scholars and theorists who blazed new trails from the 1960s onwards. This collection of articles written by leading Beethoven scholars brings together strands of this mainly Anglo-American research over the last fifty years and addresses a range of key issues. The volume places Beethoven scholarship within a historical and contemporary context and considers the future of Beethoven studies.

Beethoven's middle-period quartets, Opp. 59, 74 and 95, are pieces that engage deeply with the aesthetic ideas of their time. In the first full contextual study of these works, Nancy November celebrates their uniqueness, exploring their reception history and early performance. In detailed analyses, she explores ways in which the quartets have both reflected and shaped the very idea of chamber music and offers a new historical understanding of the works' physical, visual, social and ideological aspects. In the process, November provides a fresh critique of three key paradigms in current Beethoven studies: the focus on his late period; the emphasis on 'heroic' style in discussions of the middle period; and the idea of string quartets as 'pure', 'autonomous' artworks, cut off from social moorings. Importantly, this study shows that the quartets encompass a new lyric and theatrical impetus, which is an essential part of their unique, explorative character.

The opening essay by James Webster, "Beethoven in Vienna, 1792-1802: Anø'Early' Period?", evaluates the critical tradition of dividing Beethoven?s career into three periods?early, middle, and late?and shows both their artificiality andøtheir implications, including a tendency to undervalue early works. J_rgen May?s essay "Beethoven and Prince Karl Lichnowsky," considers Beethoven?s relations with one of the first of his most important patrons. In "Beethoven before 1800: The Mozart Legacy," Lewis Lockwood examines Beethoven?s sketchbooks to describe how Beethoven composed with and against models from Mozart. Glenn Stanley's essay, "The 'wirklich gantz neue Mainer' and the Path to It: Beethoven's Variations for Piano, 1783-1802," surveys Beethoven?s sets of piano variations written in his first decade in Vienna and argues the importance of the variations in Beethoven's progress as a composer. In 'Pathos and the Pathätique," Elaine R. Sisman provides a historical and aesthetic analysis of one of Beethoven?s most popular piano sonatas. The composition of one of Beethoven's most popular violin sonatas, the "Spring" sonata is traced in the sketchbooks by Carl Schachter in "The Sketches of the Sonata for Piano and Violin, Op. 24." Nicholas Marston's "Stylistic Advance, Strategic Retreat: Beethoven's Sketches for the Finale,"øalso pays precise attention to Beethoven's sketches to discover how the composition of the Second Symphony illuminates Beethoven's work on an "underlying idea." In "Hybrid Themes: Toward a Refinement in the Classification of Classical Theme Types,"øWilliam E. Caplin defines "hybrid themes" and shows their variety in Beethoven?s early compositions. William Kinderman concludes the volume with a review article onøKlaus Kropfinger?s Wagner and Beethoven and its study of the "battle for Beethoven" that racked nineteenth-century European music.