Sports Turf and Amenity Grasses is a comprehensive reference for anyone involved with the selection and maintenance of grasses used in sports and amenity areas in all areas. It provides a means to identify these grasses through keys, descriptions and photographs, and also provides detailed information on sowing, oversowing, stolonising and mowing heights. The performance of each grass is assessed and detailed comments made on positive and negative aspects of its use. A grass’s tolerance to high temperature, frost, drought, shade, wet soil, salinity, low soil fertility, wear and close mowing is given in a table with each aspect rated. Further comments are made on how well it combines with particular grasses and on issues such as seedling vigour and sowing times.

Grassland farming in Europe was already established during the settlement of the rst farmers together with their domesticated animals after the last ice age. Since then, grassland provides the forage basis to feed ruminant animals for the p- duction of meat and milk. Depending on the ecological conditions and intensity of usage, various plant communities with different species developed, displaying a rich biodiversity. With the introduction of improved crop rotations at the end of the 16th century, grasses and legumes were also grown to an important extent as forage crops on arable land. In the last decades the importance of amenity grasses increased markedly, due to the demand of the society for new usages like landscape protection. Around 1900 interested farmers and academics identi ed the need for gra- land improvement through systematic selection and seed production. This marks the beginning of breeding and research in companies but also at universities and specialized research institutes. Plant collection started with many of the species that are still of importance today. The collected materials were grouped according to the intended use and some type of phenotypic selection was applied. Seed mul- plication of such populations was performed in pure stands and the harvested seed was marketed. Although the vegetative biomass and its quality are of utmost imp- tance in forage crop breeding, it is the seed yield potential which determines the commercial success of a new variety.

"A key is provided to identify grasses easily using diagrams. Meticulously drawn illustrations provide an invaluable identification aid. This reference work will be essential reading for turf professionals, horticulture students and those working with public land."--BOOK COVER

This book describes our current knowledge of soils and turfgrass science as applied to the design, production and management of natural turf. The first five chapters cover general principles while further chapters apply these to specific contexts. These include golf courses and bowling greens, soccer, rugby and cricket fields as well as tennis courts, and horse racing tracks. There are also chapters on amenity grass and warm-season turfgrass. The book is aimed at students taking courses in turf science and sportsground management, amenity horticulture, and landscape and recreation provision and management. It will also be a standard reference work for practitioners working in sportsground management or related subjects such as landscape architecture.

This year’s special focus is on water related issues. Now in its 32nd edition, SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK 2013 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. It covers all the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts, and forms an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractors and local authority managers – essential for compiling estimates, specifications, bills of quantities and works schedules – and no matter what the size of the project being undertaken. Use the access code inside the back cover of the book to get set up with internet access to this 2013 edition until the end of December 2013. We now provide Spon’s Online, a versatile and powerful online data viewing package, which replaces the estimating software and ebook of recent years and which is no longer supplied with the hard copy book. This edition includes the following new and significantly developed items Rainwater harvesting tanks – tank-prices and options Cellweb – load support systems and erosion control Outdoor rooms – various design options of home-offices and garden studios Green roofs – updated systems of green roof treatments and installations Permeable pavings – permeable macadams, bricks and more on standard pavings This year’s book delivers more approximate estimate composite costs items than in recent years, and the measured works have been integrated and developed accordingly. All the standard features that you expect from SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK remain: material and measured work prices covering contract items from preliminaries and site clearance and encompassing the core external works activities with full breakdowns into labour, materials and other components detailed guidance on wage rates, landscape consultants’ fee scales an extensive Approximate Estimates section for rapid spot estimating Updated, free of charge, two or three times a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk. Other titles in the SPON’S Price Book Series: SPON’S CIVIL ENGINEERING AND HIGHWAY WORKS PRICE BOOK 2013 SPON’S ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ PRICE BOOK 2013 SPON’S MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SERVICES PRICE BOOK 2013

Now in its 28th edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2009 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. This year, for the first time, the download includes a versatile and powerful ebook.This edition includes the following new and heavily revised Measured Works items:New Aco

Now in its 30th edition, SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK 2011 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. All the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts are covered, forming an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractor

Prices this year are all over the place. But what's happening in detail?Now in its 29th edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2010 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. All the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts are covered, forming an indispensable

This year’s book has a strong approximate estimates section, with most measured works items also presented as composite items. Now in its 34th edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2015 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. It covers all the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts, and forms an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractors and local authority managers – essential for compiling estimates, specifications, bills of quantities and works schedules – no matter what the size of the project being undertaken. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with internet access to this 2015 edition until the end of December 2015. We now provide Spon’s Online, a versatile and powerful online data viewing package, which replaces the estimating software and ebook of recent years. The book now uses a combination of NRM1 and NRM2 as the measurement standards. This edition includes the following new and significantly developed items Further NRM format composites Suspended paving systems Precast walkways New Marshalls paving ranges Reconstituted stone bottle balustrades ...and now with a number of landscape cost models.