A polar bear and a brown bear help camouflage each other.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1988.

Preliminary Material /John P. Kimball --Possible and Must /Lauri Karttunen --The Modality of Conditionals-A Discussion of “Possible and Must” /John P. Kimball --Forward Implications, Backward Presuppositions, and the Time Axis of Verbs /Talmy Givón --Temporally Restrictive Adjectives /David Dowty --Cyclic and Linear Grammars /John P. Kimball --On the Cycle in Syntax /John Grinder --Discussion /George Lakoff --Action and Result: Two Aspects of Predication in English /Michael B. Kac --Three Reasons for Not Deriving 'Kill' from 'Cause to Die' in Japanese /Masayoshi Shibatani --Kac and Shibatani on the Grammar of Killing /James D. Mc Cawley --Reply to McCawley /Michael B. Kac --Doubl-ing /John Robert Ross --Where Do Relative Clauses Come From? /Judith Aissen --On the Nonexistence of Mirror Image Rules in Syntax /Jorge Hankamer --The VP-Constituent of SVO Languages /Arthur Schwartz --Lahu Nominalization, Relativization, and Genitivization /James A. Matisoff --Navaho Object Markers and the Great Chain of Being /Nancy Frishberg --The Crossover Constraint and Ozark English /Suzette Haden Elgin --Author Index /John P. Kimball --Subject Index /John P. Kimball.

Atong is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Northeast India and Bangladesh. Seino van Breugel provides a deep and thorough coverage and analysis of all major areas of the grammar, which makes this book of great interest and value to general linguists and typologists as well as area specialists. Alongside an Atong-English dictionary and five fully-glossed Atong texts recorded during extensive fieldwork, this work also provides a sizable ethnolinguistic introduction to the speakers and their culture. Of particular interest is the pragmatic approach taken for the grammatical analysis. Whereas the form of an utterance provides some clue as to its possible meaning, inference is always needed to arrive at the most relevant interpretation within the context in which the utterance occurs. "This is a very important book for South Asian and Sino-Tibetan linguistic scholarship. Of the 200 languages of Northeast India, only a handful have been documented; the present work brings the number of full-scale modern grammars for these languages to six. Thus it represents a unique and extremely valuable contribution." Professor Scott DeLancey University of Oregon "This is a solid academic work which makes a huge contribution to the field. There is no other detailed account of this particular language, and it is highly doubtful that anyone will write something more comprehensive in the future." Dr Willem de Reuse University of North Texas

Lahu is an important minority language of Southeast Asia, belonging to the Lolo-Burmese subgroup of the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is spoken by over 500,000 people in China, Burma, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. This English-Lahu Lexicon (ELL) is a computer-aided but manually edited "reversal" of the author's monumental Lahu-English dictionary (The Dictionary of Lahu, UCPL #111, 1988, xxv + 1436 pp.). English-Lahu Lexicon contains nearly 5400 head-entries and well over 10,000 carefully arranged subentries. Every Lahu expression is provided with a form-class designation to indicate its grammatical function. Eight useful Appendices (e.g. Plant and Animal Names) round out the volume's 450 pages.

This is a comprehensive grammar of the Hills Karbi variety spoken predominantly in the Karbi Anglong districts. Karbi belongs to the Trans-Himalayan (Tibeto-Burman) family but its exact phylogenetic status has remained unclear. By providing a diachronically-oriented functional analysis of all structural levels of Karbi, this grammar offers a reference work that provides a thorough account of this language. The data in this grammar come from fieldwork that was primarily carried out in the district capital of Diphu although the corpus includes recordings of speakers from all over the two Karbi Anglong districts. This corpus is freely available both as fully glossed text in Himalayan Linguistics (Konnerth and Tisso 2018) and as original media files in ELAR (SOAS University of London). Now also including a glossary, this grammar is a thoroughly revised version of the 2014 dissertation of the author, which won the 2015 Pāṇini Award of the Association for Linguistic Typology (ALT). In this revised version, a few new sections have been added and numerous other sections have been thoroughly updated.

This is the first grammar in English of Khatso, an endangered language spoken in a single farming village in China by descendants of Kublai Khan’s Mongol soldiers. Based on natural language from dozens of speakers, this analysis captures the way Khatso is spoken in daily life. As a result, it is the most comprehensive description of Khatso yet, providing an in-depth look at the features, structures and systems that comprise this unique language.

This book is a grammar of Mangghuer, a Mongolic language. Its primary importance is as a systematic grammatical description of a little-known language. It also makes a significant contribution to comparative Mongolic studies.

The Kam language of China possesses fifteen tones – more than any other language. Yet it has long been neglected as an area of research, especially from the perspective of discourse analysis. This study initiates the exploration of the interface between grammar and discourse by examining various aspects of Kam narrative discourse, and using a functional approach to reveal its structural properties. It also introduces the mechanism for phonological and syntactic variations, as well as classifier variants and sentence-final particles (SFPs) in discourse and word order variations. Finally, it discusses the influence of social setting on narrative structure and offers the most up-to-date ethnological and social information about the community.